an administrative unit of Canada. Area, 3.78 million sq km. Population, 39,000, including 11,000 Eskimo and 7,000 Indians (1971). The city of Yel-lowknife is the capital.
The Northwest Territories occupies the northern part of the North American continent and includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; more than four-fifths of the region lies within the Laurentian Upland (Canadian Shield). To the west are the Mackenzie Mountains, with elevations to 2,164 m. The climate is subpolar and subarctic. Average monthly temperatures range from 3°–16°C to -28°C and -36°C. Annual precipitation varies from 150 to 400 mm. Vegetation is primarily of the tundra and forest-tundra type; there are coniferous forests in the southwest.
The Northwest Territories is one of the least-developed parts of Canada. Its economy is based on mining. Zinc and lead are mined at Pine Point, gold at Yellowknife, and tungsten at Tungsten; petroleum is extracted at Norman Wells. The principal occupations of the indigenous population are fur trapping (arctic fox and muskrat) and fishing (whitefish and trout). The Mackenzie River is the region’s principal transportation artery.