Encyclopedia

Peter Brian Medawar

Also found in: Dictionary, Wikipedia.
(redirected from Peter Medawar)
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Medawar, Peter Brian

 

Born Feb. 28, 1915, in Rio de Janeiro. English biologist. Member of the Royal Society of London (1949); honorary member of the New York Academy of Sciences (1957).

Medawar graduated from Magdalen College at Oxford in 1939 and taught there from 1938 to 1945 and from 1946 to 1947. He was professor of zoology at the University of Birmingham from 1947 to 1951 and of zoology and comparative anatomy at University College in London in 1951. From 1962 to 1971 he was director of the National Institute for Medical Research (Mill Hill). In 1966 he became president of the international Transplantation Society. Medawar’s works have been devoted to the growth and aging of the body and its reactions to the transplantation of tissues, in particular immune reactions that hinder heterotransplantation, transplantation antigens, and antilymphocytic serums. He discovered the phenomenon of acquired immunotolerance and reproduced it experimentally. He won the Nobel Prize in 1960 (with F. Burnet). He is a member of a number of scientific societies in Great Britain and the USA.

WORKS

Uníqueness of the Individual London, 1957.
Future of Man. London, 1960.
“Immunological Tolerance.” In Les Prix Nobel en 1960. Stockholm, 1961. Pages 125-34.
The Art of the Soluble. New York-London, 1967.
Induction and Intuition in Scientific Thought. Philadelphia, 1969.
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
References in periodicals archive
Contributions to the knowledge of growth, ageing and especially the biology of tissue leading to successful organ and tissue transplantation earned British zoologist Sir Peter Medawar, along with Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, the 1960 Nobel Prize in Science.
Answer: First, I identify completely with Nobel Laureate Sir Peter Medawar who showed that "ultimate questions are beyond the explanatory competence of science", and demonstrated "the existence of questions that science cannot answer and that no conceivable advance of science would empower it to answer".
In the novel's opening pages Henry, spooked by the burning plane, recalls with alarm the British political scientist Fred Halliday's prediction (Saturday has numerous references to real people, so light-handedly done that the novel gains a type of fictional fourth dimension) that 9/11 began a world crisis that would "take a hundred years to resolve." Later, driving his new Mercedes, feeling confident and prosperous, Henry remembers a statement by the famous British immunologist, Peter Medawar, who also happened to be of Arab descent: "To deride the hopes of progress is the ultimate fatuity." Halliday's lugubrious forecast is nonsense, Henry reassures himself.
The Nobel laureate, Peter Medawar, described a virus as 'a piece of nucleic acid surrounded by bad news'.
The start of the modern era of transplantation has been attributed to Sir Peter Medawar's paper on allogeneic skin grafts in rabbits (1944-46).
As Nobel laureate physiologist Peter Medawar (1979) has said:
does not say that all are equal, but they all share many features, and each has its own positive contribution to make to our understanding "the Big Picture." One personal disappointment was finding Teilhard de Chardin summarily reduced to unimportance by quoting one of his most hostile and implacable critics, Peter Medawar.
According to an evolutionary theory of aging proposed by English biologist Peter Medawar and others, in young animals, the force of natural selection favors good genes and acts against bad genes.
Watson and Crick opened floodgates to what has been, by any standards a spectacular intellectual revolution - even if Peter Medawar was going too far when he wrote, in his review of Watson's The Double Helix: "It is simply not worth arguing with anyone so obtuse as not to realise that this complex of discoveries is the greatest achievement of science in the twentieth century." My misgiving about this engagingly calculated piece of arrogance is that I'd have a hard time defending it against a rival claim for, say, quantum theory or relativity.
Otherwise, you're just recycling what was given to you." His intellectual heroes are such towering scholars as Peter Medawar and Isaiah Berlin, to whom he dedicated An Urchin in a Storm.
Peter Medawar, who won a Nobel Prize for his research on the immune system, writes that "nearly all scientific research leads nowhere - or, if it does lead somewhere, then not in the direction it started off with....
13 Sir Francis Bacon as cited by Sir Peter Medawar, Pluto's Republic, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1983), pp.34-35.
Copyright © 2003-2025 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer
All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.