Incorporating glyceryl ethers into the polar head of phospholipids in the presence of a food-grade phospholipase D makes it possible to obtain new bioactive ingredients.
The researchers also optimized the percentage of phospholipase D and the molar concentration of the reactants.
DAG, diacylglycerol; DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; PLD,
phospholipase D. (B) Biosynthesis and degradation of PAF.
Phospholipase D (PLD) (EC 3.1.4.4) is an important enzyme that initiates membrane phospholipid degradation during ripening, senescence, and signal transduction that takes place in response to hormones and environmental stress [3, 4].
The second group comprises phospholipase C (PLC) which cleaves the glycerol-phosphate bond, and
phospholipase D (PLD), which liberates phosphatidic acid and alcohol (Figure 1).
Phospholipase D (PLD) releases the head group from phosphatidic acid; phospholipase C cleaves the head group and the sn-3 phosphate from diacylglycerol (DAG), which usually is rapidly phosphorylated by DAG-kinase (Lundberg and Sommarin, 1992) to form phosphatidic acid.
Choline is an indicator of
phospholipase D activity, which also generates potent platelet activators such as phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid.
Abbreviations: PLA: phospholipase A; PLB: phospholipase B; PLC: phospholipase C; PLD:
phospholipase D; LPL: lysophospholipase; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PS: phosphatidylserine; PI: phosphatidylinositol; PA: phosphatidic acid; GPC: glycerophosphocholine; TMS: trimethylsilyl.