The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Picolines

(or methylpyridines), homologues of pyridine. All three isomers (α-, β-, and γ-picolines) are known; they are colorless liquids with a pyridine odor. Melting points, –66.6°, –17.7°, and –4.3°C; boiling points, 129.4°, 144.0°, and 145.3° C; densities at 20°C, 0.9940, 0.9572, and 0.9551 g/cm³, respectively. Picolines are stronger bases than pyridine. They are readily soluble in water and organic solvents.

Oxidation of β-picoline yields nicotinic acid (antipellagra vitamin PP, or niacin), the diethylamide of which is cordiamin; oxidation of γ -picoline yields isonicotinic acid, which is the basis of tuberculostatic preparations, such as phthivazid and isoniazid. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), a derivative of α-picoline, takes part in many important metabolic reactions in its coenzyme form (pyridoxal 5-phosphate).

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The content of other compounds in water entering the dephenolation plant is as follows: carboxylic acids 0.3-0.4 g/L, ketones--0.1-0.2 g/L, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly pyridine, picolines, toluidine)--0.05-0.1 g/L [5].

The influence of phenols and other compounds on chemical oxygen demand (COD) of phenolic waters from the Kiviter process

Vertellus will market pyridine and picolines, specialty pyridine derivatives, castor oil derivatives, polymer additives and systems, DEET, citrate polymer additives and systems and sulfone monomers and is also a global producer of Vitamin B-3.

Reilly and Rutherford are now Vertellus specialties

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