Roseiro, Antimicrobial activity of
resin acid derivatives, Appl.
To test the toxic effects, stock solutions of [beta]-sitosterol (Calbiocem, 95%), stigmasterol (Sigma, 95%) and
resin acid (Sigma, 99%) were prepared, while samples of effluent and treated effluent (pH= 7.0) were previously filtrated through a 0.45 [micro]m membrane and sterilized by using a filter syringe (0.20 [micro]m).
Decay in roof exposure was best modeled using the initial MC gain/permeability, moisture uptake following rain, extent of checking, and the amount of dehydroabietic
resin acid. Three, or all four, of these factors are related to the MC of wood, a critical factor in fungal decay.
Natural
resin acids present in rosin of Pinus spez., including isopimaric acid (1), mercusis acid (2), neoabietic acid (3), dehydroabietic acid (4), and podocarpic acid (8), as well as
resin acid derivatives [beta], 9 [alpha], 13 [alpha]-H-tetrahydroabietic acid (5), 8 [alpha], 9 [alpha], 13[alpha],-H-terahydroabietic acid (6), 13 [alpha],-H-[delta] (8) -dihydroabietic acid (7), maleopimaric acid (9), and fumaropimaric acid (10), were studied for their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-Ea) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorabol-13-acetate (TPA).
To illustrate the value of two-stage, or combination, degradative processes, the kinetics of
resin acid mineralization were assessed using two-stage laboratory scale systems.
All sawdust and pellets samples for fatty and
resin acid analysis were dried at 105[degrees]C for 24 hours before extraction.
The normal products of wood include tannins,
resin acids. stillbenes, and lignin among other compounds.
In addition to lignin, the ethanol used to obtain it is recovered and recycled; furfural, acetic acid, valuable extractives (
resin acids, terpenes, fatty acids, phytosterols) are isolated; and the cellulose and hexose sugars derived from hemicellulose are subjected to enzymatic conversion/fermentation to fuel ethanol.
Examples include carrageenan from kelp, biodiesel from vegetable oils, and
resin acids from the "extractives" of trees.
In alkaline conditions, such as in kraft pulping, the triglycerides are completely saponified, and the free fatty acids and
resin acids are dissolved, but sterols and some steryl esters and waxes do not form soluble soap and tend to deposit and cause pitch problems.
Composed mainly of cellulose, polyoses, and lignin, wood dust may contain a variety of nonpolar organic extractives (fatty acids,
resin acids, waxes, alcohols, terpenes, sterols, steryl esters, and glycerols), polar organic extractives (tannins, flavonoids, quinones, and lignans), and water-soluble extractives (carbohydrates, alkaloids, proteins, and inorganic material) (20).
Many acetone soluble polar components, including oxidized
resin acids, also are important to pulp and papermaking and can be readily assayed using gas chromatography.