The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

School District

(Russian, uchebnyi okrug), an educational-administrative unit covering several provinces in prerevolutionary Russia.

The school districts were first introduced in 1803. In that year six were established, each headed by a university. The Ministry of Public Education took over the management of the districts in 1835.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Russia had 12 school districts. The Moscow District included 11 provinces, the Warsaw District ten, the St. Petersburg and Caucasus districts seven each, the Vil’na and Kazan districts six each, the Kiev and Kharkov districts five each, the Odessa District four, the Orenburg and Riga districts three each, and the Western Siberian District two. Educational institutions in Irkutsk and Enisei provinces and Yakutsk Oblast were directed by the Main Administration of Civilian Educational Institutions of the Irkutsk Governor-generalship. The educational institutions in Turkestan Krai were managed by the Administration for Educational Matters, which was subordinate to the governor-general of Turkestan.

A superintendent (popechitel’) administered each school district. Under the superintendent were district inspectors, a superintendent’s council, provincial directorates of public schools and provincial (gubernskie) and district (uezdnye) school councils. The primary responsibility of a school district superintendent was to supervise the educational institutions controlled by the Ministry of Public Education.

Mentioned in

References in periodicals archive

If the goal is to save money, operate schools like a business, and make sure schools are efficient then I would suggest that business leaders, politicians and charter school owners meet with the local school district superintendent to understand operational efficiency, maintaining low administrative cost and how to do more with less.

The hypocrisy, unrealistic savings of school district consolidation

How satisfied are you that your school district is adequately preparing students for the next stage in their lives, whether it be from elementary into high school or high school into college or full-time employment?

Thomas St. Jules: Candidate profile

These school districts join those in Long Island, Sacramento, Kings Canyon and San Bernardino in transitioning to all-electric Motiv powered buses, the news release stated.

California School Districts Add 18 New Zero-emission School Buses to Their Fleet

27 Angie Bryant Genoa Central School District 1,156

Highest Paid School Superintendents

Boonville R-1 School District - Boonville, Missouri

CodeHS Announced Code Missouri Partner Schools and Districts

--Leander Independent School District (TX) unlimited tax refunding bonds series 2010 (prerefunded maturities only);

Fitch Withdraws Ratings on Certain Municipal Bond Maturities

The Eugene School District saw a net gain of 49 students because of the law during the current school year, while west Eugene's Bethel School District saw a net loss of about eight students.

Applications to change school districts accepted Monday

The Cobb County school system is the second largest public school district in Georgia, but in 2002, the board of education surrendered to a religious pressure campaign and announced its plan to warn students that evolution is "a theory, not a fact" and that it should be "critically considered."

Sticker shock: Georgia school district drops evolution disclaimer fight, as creationist forces lose another round in the war over science education

The Sixth Circuit also stated that the primary reason the school district made the severance payments was to provide an incentive for highly paid teachers to retire and that the exchange of the tenure rights, although necessary for that to happen, was secondary.

When are wages not FICA wages?

And, because the value of property in Illinois communities varies widely--in 2000, the median home value for Lake Forest was $638,800, compared to $46,900 in Ford Heights--there is an extremely wide range in the amounts of local money that school districts generate.

Never-ending cycle: Illinois' reliance on property taxes as the major source of school funding has major consequences for communities throughout the state

In the Charleston County [South Carolina] School District, the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system ran during the summer in many unused buildings to combat mold growth.

Circuit overload: schools waste $1.5 billion in energy costs every year