sphingosine

[′sfiŋ·gə‚sēn]

(biochemistry)

C₁₈H₃₇O₂N A moiety of sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, and certain other phosphatides.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Sphingosine

an unsaturated higher aliphatic amino alcohol, C₁₃H₂₇CH=CHCH(OH)CH(NH₂)CH₂OH. Sphingosine is soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water; its melting point is 81.5°–83°C, and its properties are those of a base. Sphingosine occurs in nature as a constituent of sphingolipids. Its biosynthesis in cells is effected from the amino acid serine and palmitic acid with the participation of coenzyme A. Sphingosine exhibits an anticoagulant effect since it inhibits the conversion of prothrom-bin to thrombin. The more than 60 analogues of sphingosine— sphingosine bases—are distinguished by the length of the aliphatic chain, the degree of nonsaturation, the type of branching, and the location of the double bond.

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References in periodicals archive

Biodiversity of sphingoid bases ("sphingosines") and related amino alcohols.

Quantification of globotriaosylsphingosine in plasma and urine of fabry patients by stable isotope ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Pyne, "Translational aspects of sphingosine 1phosphate biology," Trends in Molecular Medicine, vol.

Sphingolipids and brain resident macrophages in neuroinflammation: an emerging aspect of nervous system pathology

The sphingosine pathway is a key cellular signaling pathway implicated in various cancers and functions of the immune system.

Enzo Biochem Issued United States Patent for Treatment of Liver Cancer Using Ozanimod

Erythrocytes store and release sphingosine 1-phosphate in blood.

Quality Control of Serum and Plasma by Quantification of (4E,14Z)-Sphingadienine-C18-1 Phosphate Uncovers Common Preanalytical Errors During Handling of Whole Blood

FRIDAY, March 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, the selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor1,5 modulator, siponimod, is associated with reduced relative risk of confirmed disability progression, according to a study published online March 22 in The Lancet.

Siponimod Cuts Risk of Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis; Reduction in 3-month confirmed disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

BS, including sphingosine (SP) and sphingosine-1phosphate (S1P)[9, a biologically important class of compounds, have essential functions including regulation of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis as well as inflammation and angiogenesis [10].

Bioactive Sphingolipids, Complement Cascade, and Free Hemoglobin Levels in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction

There are several ways to generate ceramide in mammalian cells (Figure 1): hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, de novo synthesis from palmitoyl-CoA and serine, catabolism of glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide, synthesis from sphingosine and fatty acid, and dephosphorylation of ceramide-1-phosphate.

Ceramide and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Briefly, [3-[sup.3]H]-sphingosine (D-erythro > 97%, 50 [micro]Ci, 1.85 MBq, PerkinElmer) was dissolved in DMEM-low glucose with 10% FBS to a final concentration of 2.4 nM sphingosine, corresponding to 110.000 dpm/ml radioactivity.

GM1 Ganglioside Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Tendon Stem Cells

The compounds, sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine, were found to be at significantly lower concentrations in blood samples from multiple sclerosis patients.

University research gives hope to multiple sclerosis sufferers