squalene

[′skwā‚lēn]

(biochemistry)

C₃₀H₅₀ A liquid triterpene which is found in large quantities in shark liver oil, and which appears to play a role in the biosynthesis of sterols and polycyclic terpenes; used as a bactericide and as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Also known as spinacene.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Squalene

an aliphatic polyunsaturated liquid hydrocarbon with the formula C₃₀H₅₀. Squalene, which boils at 242°C and is soluble in many organic solvents, is an important intermediate in the metabolism of triterpenoids and steroids and is widely distributed in the tissues of animals and plants, as well as in microorganisms. It was first isolated from the liver of the shark. The biosynthesis of squalene is from mevalonic acid, which is converted to farnesyl pyrophosphate. The latter, under the action of squalenesynthetase (in the presence of thiamine), is di-merized to yield squalene. The enzymatic conversion of squalene to lanosterol and of lanosterol to cholesterol and other sterols commences with the aerobic oxidation of the terminal double bond of squalene.

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References in periodicals archive

cruzi with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, and even stronger effect may occur when an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase is used [36-47].

Toxicity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by alkyl gallates in trypanosoma cruzi

It catalyzes the synthesis of squalene from FPP, acting as the first and solely committed step towards the biosynthesis of the cholesterol, and, hence, is considered to be a potential regulatory point for sterol metabolism [20].

Alteration of mevalonate pathway in proliferated vascular smooth muscle from diabetic mice: possible role in high-glucose-induced atherogenic process

The human surface reaction with ozone was then improved by modeling the reaction with squalene. Next, the model was enhanced to include a computer- simulated person (CSP), a personal ventilation (PV) system, desk, floor diffuser and exhaust.

Effect of Chemical Reactions in the Personal Micro-environment on Inhaled Air Quality

Squalene has been indicated to contain antifungal properties and is commonly used in the cosmetic industries [15, 16].

Antimicrobial compounds from leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas, Psidium guajava, and Andrographis paniculata

This emulsions are composed of: a) dodecane (Nano A), b) dodecane ([C.sub.12]) + squalene (SQ) (Nano B), c) [C.sub.12] + tetracloroethylene (TCE) (Nano C), and finally d) [C.sub.12] + SQ + TCE (Nano D).

Influence of ripening and creaming on the aggregation rate of dodecane-in-water nanoemulsions. Is creaming rate an appropriate measure of emulsion stability?/Influencia de la maduracion y formacion de crema en la tasa de agregacion de nanoemulsiones de dodecano-agua. ?Es la tasa de formacion de crema una medida apropiada de la estabilidad de la emulsion?/Influenca do amadurecimento e formacao de creme na taxa de agregado...

Argan oil is sourced from Morroco, North Africa, and is naturally rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, carotenoids, ferulic acid, sterols, polyphenols, vitamin E and squalene. These nutrients work together to help to heal skin, reduce inflammation and fend off free radicals.

Natural oils deliver big benefits to dry winter skin

AFA standard was used (47885-U/602-004-00-3, Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix, Sigma-Aldrich Brasil Ltda., Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil), and a separate standard was used for squalene (S3626/111-02-4, Squalene, Sigma-Aldrich Brasil Ltda., Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil).

Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative alterations in the fatty acid contents of the sebum of patients with inflammatory acne during treatment with systemic lymecycline and/or oral fatty acid supplementation

Its mode of action is by inhibiting squalene epoxidase which converts squalene to lanosterol.

Terbinafine-induced taste impairment - report of two cases

Vitamin E and squalene determination: Lipid extracts used in the assays were prepared using standard lipid extraction procedures (Bligh and Dyer, 1959).

Red Sour Plum (Ximenia caffra) Seed: A Potential Non-conventional Energy and Protein Source for Livestock Feeds

Whereas the essential oil of stems was determined to be rich in nonacosane (23.26%), heptacosane (22.48%), hentriacontane (18.32%), octacosane (3.42%), triacontane (2.24%) and squalene (2.07%).

Chemical Compositions of the Essential oil of Aerva javanica Leaves and Stems

MF59, an adjuvant whose lipid core is filled with a squalene derivative, is being studied in an influenza virus.

Building better vaccines via vaccinology

(9) According to the Association of Birth Defect Children, Gulf War exposures include, but are not limited to: DEET, permethrin, pyridostigmine, pentachlorophenol, benzocaine sulfur, aluminum phospide, baygon, boric acid, Sevin, amidinohydrazone, diazinon, Dursban, dichlorvos, Ficam, carbaryl, lindane, malathion, oil well fires, leaded fuels, depleted uranium, solvents, DeContam agent, malaria pills, campfires, leishmaniasis, chemical warfare agents, CARC, experimental vaccinations (including those with squalene), D-phenothrin, allethrin, paint toxins, and many others.

Gulf War Syndrome: a deadly legacy