The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Stimuli

in biology, various alterations in the external or internal environment of an organism that are capable, when acting on a biological system such as nervous, muscular, or glandular tissue, of altering the system’s original state, that is, of producing excitation. Stimuli may be physical, chemical, and physicochemical and adequate or inadequate. They affect specific nerve endings (receptors) and other cells of organs and tissues.

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References in periodicals archive

It has been suggested that the N400, the peak of which will decrease when related stimulus pairs are presented and increase when unrelated stimulus pairs are presented, reflects the strength of the connection between stimuli, which is dependent on the participants' learning history (Ortu, 2012; Ortu, Allan, & Donaldson, 2013).

Equivalence Class Formation and the N400: Methodological Issues

The stimuli were presented in a random sequence of 270 trials in 30 blocks.

The Initial Emotional Output Cannot be Modified: The Premier Expression

The stimuli, called A, A", B and B', were four figures constructed from Lego[R] game pieces that were easily assembled (2 cubes: 3,2 cm L x 3,2 cm W x 5 or 5,2 H; and two pyramids: 6,4 cm L x 6,4 cm W x 5,2 or 5,4 cm H, see Figure 1).

La similitud entre estimulos reduce el reconocimiento espontaneo de objetos en ratas independientemente del intervalo de retencion

This study utilised a retrospective analysis to assess the validity of TMS mapping protocols involving varying numbers of stimuli per cranial site.

Determining the Optimal Number of Stimuli per Cranial Site during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Mapping

The authors reported that four children learned all the relations taught, showed the emergence of relations between the non-taught visual stimuli sets (BC, CB, DB, CD and DC) and the reading of the B, C and D sets.

Learning Rudiments of Music Reading with Cumulative and Noncumulative Teaching of Conditional Relations/Aprendizagem de Rudimentos de Leitura Musical com Ensino Cumulativo e Nao Cumulativo de Relacoes Condicionais

However, some authors have argued that a simple discrimination procedure with a successive presentation of stimuli increases the probability of establishing a discriminated response that is controlled by aspects of the S+ and concurrently by aspects of the S- (Campos, Debert, Barros, & Mcllvane, 2011; Debert, 2003; Debert, Matos, & Mcllvane, 2007), which might not be the case in procedures with a simultaneous presentation of the stimuli.

Analyzing the stimulus control acquisition in simple discrimination tasks through eye movement/Analise da aquisicao de controle de estimulos em tarefas de discriminacao simples por meio do movimento dos olhos

After presenting students with all possible pairs of stimuli, educators determine preferences based on the proportion of times an item was selected from all presentations.

Choice-based stimulus preference assessment for children with or at-risk for emotional disturbance in educational settings

The training was carried out using two pairs of stimuli: 1 and 3; 4 and 6.

Relational learning in glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens)

The data collected shows that psychiatrically healthy carriers of the TCF4 gene also filter stimuli less effectively - like people who suffer from schizophrenia.

Smokers may be more prone to schizophrenia