Fragments of Paleolithic flutes have been known for over a century, and recently more complete flutes have been excavated in
Swabian Jura near the city of Ulm (southern Germany).
The other is in the
Swabian Jura, the low, snowy mountain range of the state of Baden-Wurttemberg.
It also has an idyllic location being about an hour from the Black Forest and the
Swabian Jura, situated between vineyards and thick woodland.
In addition to 4 molecular clades (Swabian Jura, clade 1; Bavarian Forest, clade 2; Spessart Forest, clade 3; and Munsterland, clade 6) found during the 2007 outbreak, 2 novel clades (North East Hesse, clade 4; and Teutoburg Forest, clade 5) were defined.
Identities between clades range from 90.3% (Swabian Jura vs.
The few previously known human PUUV sequences from individual clinical case-patients in Germany, "Berkel" from Munsterland (7) and "Heidelberg" from a region located between Swabian Jura and Spessart Forest (8), as well as human-derived strains from a small 2004 outbreak in the Bavarian Forest (6), were included in this analysis.
Most sequences in this study were obtained from Swabian Jura, the region with the highest illness rate of the outbreak (incidence 32.9/100,000).