White Men Least Likely to Support Either
Affirmative Action Program
When legal challenges have been brought before the Supreme Court, Catholic universities have made their support for
affirmative action clear.
There's little disagreement that the practice of race-conscious
affirmative action has been on the decline since the 1990s, as the federal courts have limited its use and states have acted to prohibit public universities from considering race.
Having said this,
affirmative action policies are often criticised for causing reverse discrimination; and in the absence of qualified candidates, the policies may very well lead to lowering the bar for those elected.
The phrase "
affirmative action" was first used in 1961 in a speech by President John F.
that appeals to a broader coalition." Eschewing
affirmative action (though he has subsequently changed his mind), Wilson championed redistributive reforms through "race-neutral policies," contending that they could help the Democratic Party regain lost political support while simultaneously benefiting those further down within minority groups.
Forgotten by
affirmative action opponents are the actions, pervasive societal attitude towards blacks and discrimination laws which led to the need for
affirmative action.
Nixon's role in the expansion of
affirmative action is interesting given his use of political strategies that exploited political symbolism and demonized African Americans and other minorities.
"
Affirmative action" is a name that has been applied to a set of policies generated by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and by a series of executive orders issued by President Lyndon Johnson.
For
affirmative action to be effective, it needs to target those who are flooding the prison system.
Affirmative action has been defined (Swain 1996:1) as a 'range of governmental and private initiatives that offer preferential treatment to members of designated racial or ethnic ...