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albinism

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albinism

[′al·bə‚niz·əm]
(biology)
The state of having colorless chromatophores, which results in the absence of pigmentation in animals that are normally pigmented.
(medicine)
A hereditary, metabolic disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive and characterized by the inability to form melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes due to tyrosinase deficiency.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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I also used several web-based bibliographic databases (EBSCOhost, JSTOR, Google Scholar, Harzing's Publish or Perish) and a web-based search engine (Google) to search for words or phrases (albinistic, leucistic, piebald, melanistic, pelage color, etc.) specific to abnormal coloration in bighorn sheep and reviewed results of those searches for references to abnormal coloration in that species.
Additionally, there may also be present in several museum collections isabelline-colored specimens, where they may be incorrectly labeled as albinistic. That said, albinisim does occur in Porcupines, but it is a different color variation, and hence expression of a different genetic mutation, than we observed.
To argue that it is a snow bunting x Lapland longspur hybrid, it is first necessary to establish that the individual is not a partially albinistic (i.e., reduction in melanin) longspur.
Benton (1958) and Mengel and Jenkinson (1971) reported melanistic Red Squirrels, and Wood (1965) reported albinistic individuals.
Recently, Long and Gehring (1995) reported a partially albinistic masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and argued persuasively that such bold white coloration contradicts Murray's rule of pattern development and size dependence.
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