The cyclic oligomers of the desired polycycloaliphatichydrosilxane (5 g), the preferred cyclo-
alkene (15 g), and Karstedt's catalyst (0.1 mL, 0.22 mmol) were added to a single-neck, round-bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser.
patented a copolymer of
alkenes and maleic anhydride, which is effective in producing a stable and clear aqueous fuel emulsion [52].
The
alkenes to alkanes ratio in pyrolytic gases has been used to study the reaction mechanisms and reflects the pyrolysis conditions [5, 22].
Prilezhaev epoxidation of
alkenes with a peroxy acid is the most common method used in research laboratories and industries nowadays [9,10].
Thermal pyrolysis included the pyrolysis of six-ring esters and pyrolysis of long carbon chain of ester groups, resulting in formation of acid,
alkene, and various reactive intermediates.
Alkanes reached the highest value at 80[degrees]C, but
alkenes and aldehydes and ketones reached their highest values at 60[degrees]C and 23[degrees]C, respectively.
The products were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and Mass Spectrometry (MS) that strongly approved the (Z)-double bond configuration of produced
alkenes.
Having learned about these major pitfalls, the remaining major task was to find some satisfactory chiral zirconocene catalysts with sufficiently, but not excessively, bulky ligands to suppress unwanted side reactions, while promoting the desired
alkene carbometalation.
Polarity order of functional groups is given as follows: amide > carboxylic acid > hydroxyl > ketone ~ aldehyde > amine > ester > ether >
alkene > alkane [14].
The Sirrus brand mark is a graphic representation of the 1,1-disubstituted
alkene molecule.
Sirrus' 1,1-disubstituted
alkene monomer technology, and the combination of properties it enables, is now being made available for sampling to industrial manufacturing and assembly partners.