Illusions of safety:
antimutagens can be mutagens, and anticarcinogens can be carcinogens.
Plant-derived products as
antimutagens. Phytotherapy Research 12(6): 389-399.
Among these, the [TABULAR DATA FOR TABLE III OMITTED] major component vitamin C, due to its antioxidant and chelating effects, has been already observed to act as anticarcinogen,
antimutagen, and anticlastogen, respectively, in different test systems (Mirvish, 1975; Parshad et al., 1978; Gebhart et al., 1985; Ginter et al., 1989).
Jain et al., "Mechanism of biochemical action of substituted 4-methylbenzopyran-2-ones--part II: mechanism-based inhibition of rat liver microsome-mediated aflatoxin B1-DNA binding by the candidate
antimutagen 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin," Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, vol.
Chlorophyllin: a potent
antimutagen against environmental and dietary complex mixtures.
Galangin was the most active
antimutagen among the flavonoids tested such as chrysin, tectochrysin, chrysin-5-methylether, galangin, galangin-S-methylether, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, apigenin and isalpinin.
Resveratrol was found to act as an antioxidant and
antimutagen and to induce phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); it mediated anti-inflammatory effects and inhibited cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (antipromotion activity); and it induced human promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (antiprogression activity).
Chlorophyllin (CHL) is a potent
antimutagen in vitro, an effective anti-carcinogen in several animal models, and significantly reduced urinary biomarkers of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) exposure in a human population.
Most of the polymeric tannins exerting an
antimutagen activity on 2-Aminoanthracene and other nitroaromatic indirect-acting mutagens, can be classified as blocking agents since they inhibit the conversion of the latter to ultimate carcinogens.
Key words:
Antimutagen, Anticarcinogen, Phyllanthus amarus, Plant, Alkaline elution, Mutation assay