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apartheid

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apartheid

(in South Africa) the official government policy of racial segregation; officially renounced in 1992
www.apartheidmuseum.org
http://racerelations.about.com/cs/apartheid
Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

apartheid

a system of racial separation that existed in the Republic of South Africa. A separation of the population into ‘whites’, ‘blacks’, and ‘coloured’ or ‘mixed racial’ groups was defined by law, and this separation was reflected in restrictions on residence, intermarriage, areas of employment and the use of public facilities such as schools, hospitals, parks and beaches. A refusal to replace or significantly reform apartheid resulted in the Republic of South Africa becoming a pariah nation-state in the world community, and the imposition of economic and political sanctions against her, particularly the severing of sporting connections.
Collins Dictionary of Sociology, 3rd ed. © HarperCollins Publishers 2000
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Apartheid

 

principle of racial segregation in the Republic of South Africa. It is the basis of the harshest possible policy of racial discrimination with respect to the Bantu African peoples and other ethnic groups of non-European or mixed origin. Apartheid became official state policy in 1948. Special reservations (renamed Bantustans in 1959) comprising only 12 percent of the country’s territory were set aside for the Africans. Non-Europeans were deprived of all rights. Violations of apartheid were subject to criminal prosecution. The policy of apartheid has aroused protests in all countries of the world; on a number of occasions it has been censured in decisions and resolutions of sessions of the General Assembly of the UN.

REFERENCES

Rasovaia diskriminatsiia v stranakh Afriki. Moscow, 1960.
Balicki, J. Rasizm v Iuzhnoi Afrike. Moscow, 1953. (Translatedfrom Polish.)
Tairov, T. F. Apartkheid—prestuplenie veka. Moscow, 1968.
Balicki, J. Apartheid. Warsaw, 1967.
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive
Israel must not be allowed to participate in international sports while simultaneously cementing its apartheid, racist regime in Palestine.
The post South African court rules display of apartheid flag constitutes hate speech appeared first on Cyprus Mail .
We will talk against all acts of racism and apartheid. We will continue to fly the Palestinian flag and speak against Israeli apartheid, aggression and occupation from the streets if we are denied venues.
Since the collapse of apartheid in 1993 and the country's first democratic elections a year later, they, like countless fellow cricketers, sportsmen and administrators of colour, who suffered the humiliation of international sporting exclusion throughout most of the 20th century, have belatedly if not retrospectively been acknowledged and recognised.
Some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed to appease most activist groups.
Yet the residents of Crossroads still managed to defy apartheid through a "politics of presence" (xv).
In a sense, Makhulu has a strong personal interest in this topic: her father was an anti-apartheid activist stationed in Botswana, and it was there as a child she was first exposed to apartheid (xv).
Anne-Maria Makhulu's Making Freedom adds to existing scholarship on the effects of apartheid on Black South Africans and how the country's Black residents found ways to conquer a system built on ensuring their imprisonment (in various ways) within their own country.
LOCATED IN BUSTLING Johannesburg, South Africa, the Apartheid Museum traces segregation along with the diversity of its people.
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