Balclutha abdominalis, whose frequency is 2.96%, is also cited as an effective vector of phytoplasma diseases of
Aster Yellows group,.
* Hairy or misshapen roots can be caused by excessive nitrogen or
aster yellows disease.
Molecular detection of diverse mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows and their classification with
aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows MLOs.
Several hundred different phytoplasmas are known to target plants, causing such diseases as witches' broom and
aster yellows.
Hoy says the model is designed to simulate
aster yellows outbreaks in the crops, as well as show how controls targeting both leafhopper carriers and the MLO affect progress of the disease.
After explaining how one uses this book, the reader finds chapters with titles: Irregularities and changes to leaflets and leaves, leaflet and leaf deformations, leaflet and leaf discolorations, spots on leaflets and leaves, wilting and dried leaflets leaves with or without yellowing; Irregularities and changes to the roots; Irregularities and discoloration of the collar (and underground stem); Irregularities and changes to the fruit; Bacteria; Fungi, fungi attacking leaves; fungi responsible for fruit rot; fungi (and nematodes) attacking roots; fungi attacking the collar and sometimes the stem, vascular fungi; Viruses; Mycoplasma from the '
aster yellows' group; and Measures to be taken to remedy some non parasitic diseases.