A Spanish native dance that has a moderate tempo and a three-beat rhythm. A series of constantly repeating rhythmic figures is characteristic of the bolero. It is danced to the accompaniment of guitar and drum, and the dancers themselves sing and beat out complicated triplet rhythms on castanets. It exists in various regional versions—for one, two, or more dancers.
The bolero appeared around 1780 and from the early 19th century was danced on the stage. Boleros have been the form of individual numbers in operas (by E. N. Méhul, D. F. Auber, H. Berlioz, and K. M. Weber), ballets (P. I. Tchaikovsky, L. Delibes), romances (M. I. Glinka, A. S. Dargomyzhskii, and L. Delibes), and instrumental plays (F. Chopin, I. Albéniz, and M. Ravel).