Therefore, the three parameters, as shown in Figure 10, the initial stiffness, the value of the softened contact relationship slope, and the maximum
bond stress need calibrating against experiments in order to define the contact model.
The force transferred from the concrete to the reinforcing steel was calculated using Equation (1), while the
bond stress which occured in the reinforcing steel element was obtained by Equation (2).
The most recent consolidated third party cash flow statements which incorporate various Fitch interest-rate and bank
bond stress scenarios, demonstrate a minimum asset parity ratio of 114.3% for the remaining life of the bonds.
The dimensions arisen during stressing operations, and the
bond stress along the tendon bond length were determined in next steps (Stefanak 2013):
where: [[lambda].sub.1] is the expected pull-out length ratio; [[lambda].sub.2] is the fibre orientation factor; [[lambda].sub.3] is the group reduction factor associated with the number of fibres pulling out per unit area; [tau] is the average
bond stress of a single fibre embedded in the concrete; [V.sub.f] is the fibre volume percentage; [beta] is the bond factor, accordingly to Campione (2008), can be assumed being equal to 0.5 for round fibres, 0.75--for crimped fibres, 1.0--for hooked fibres; [l.sub.f] and [b.sub.f] are the length and the diameter of fibre, respectively.
The
bond stress and the shear resistance in the pre-existing crack portion are assumed to be zero.
Stresses predicted by
bond stress analysis and lap shear strength as a function of adhesive modulus.
The
bond stress can be calculated assuming a uniform
bond stress distribution along the embedded length of the bar in concrete using
However, the intensity of the stress is less than the
bond stress.