On the whole, dietary supplementation with graded levels of 1,3-DAG in broilers diets improved the growth performance and the weight of
bursa of Fabricius, and showed partial positive effects on serum HDL concentration and drop loss of breast muscle.
The hens' primary lymphoid tissue includes the thymus and
bursa of fabricius (BOEHM et al., 2012).
Bursa of Fabricius. It was as follows: 0 = normal; 1 = scattered follicles with mild necrosis; 2 = follicles suffering from moderate and generalized lymphoid depletion or even sometimes severe lymphoid depletion; 3 = over 50% of follicles suffering from severe lymphoid depletion; 4 = cysts in the follicles with scattered lymphocytes, increase in the size of connective tissue, thickening and folded epithelium; 5 = complete disruption of the follicular physique and increase in fibroplasia.
In contrast, inoculated birds that were euthanized at 2 DPI (2 birds) or 4 DPI (4 birds) and 2 of 3 birds euthanized at 7 DPI had marked lymphoid depletion in spleen, thymus, and
bursa of Fabricius. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the presence of WFBV in thymus and spleen but not in the
bursa of Fabricius (Figure 2) The severity of lymphoid depletion was scored as marked if spleen, thymus, and
bursa of Fabricius all showed an estimated [greater than or equal to]75% decrease in expected numbers of lymphocytes, moderate if severity of depletion varied between lymphoid organs but was estimated as a [greater than or equal to]50% decrease in lymphocytes, and mild if some lymphoid organs showed very little depletion whereas others showed moderate depletion (Table 2).
Bursa of Fabricius tissues were processed, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin in Histopathology lab of Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Two sRNA libraries (
bursa of Fabricius in JCH and NH-P) were constructed using Small RNA Sample Pre Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) following the manufacturers instructions.
The agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) detects viral antigen in the
bursa of Fabricius in the early stages of the infection before the development of an antibody response [12].
The serum IgG, immune system lymphoid weight,
bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen weight are shown in the Table 3.
The primary role of the avian
bursa of Fabricius is to provide an essential microenvironment for B-lymphocytes to diversify their immunoglobulin genes by gene hyperconversion [22].
Studies on the pathogenesis of Gumboro disease in the
bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus of the chicken.
The prediction under test in this paper is thus that the size of the
bursa of Fabricius and the spleen is larger in hole-nesting and colonially breeding birds than in closely related species being open nesters or solitary breeders.