To counter this problem, vertebroplasty device manufacturers are exploring various alternatives to PMMA such as bio-ceramic bone cement, composite resin cement (such as Cortoss by Orthovita), calcium phosphate and
calcium sulfate cement, carbonated hydroxyapatite cement, partially absorbable bone cement (Cerament by BoneSupport) and so on.
Both of these problems can be reduced by adding calcium phosphates into the
calcium sulfate cements. The presence of calcium phosphates creates a lattice for apatite (bone mineral) formation, improves bioresorbability, and is expected to increase the mechanical strength of the sulfate cement.