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catabolism

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catabolism

, katabolism
a metabolic process in which complex molecules are broken down into simple ones with the release of energy; destructive metabolism
Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

catabolism

[kə′tab·ə‚liz·əm]
(biochemistry)
That part of metabolism concerned with the breakdown of large protoplasmic molecules and tissues, often with the liberation of energy.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Catabolism

 

a set of chemical processes constituting the reverse of anabolism.

Catabolic processes are directed toward splitting the complexcompounds that form the structural elements of organs andtissues (proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids) or that are depos-ited in the organs and tissues as reserve material (fat, glycogen).As a result of catabolism, complex compounds lose their specificproperties and are converted to substances that are partly uti-lized for biosynthesis and partly eliminated from the body (inter-mediate and final products of metabolism).

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive
Finally, the lysosomal indigestion and constipation variant represents the fourth and least common of the manifestations detailed in this article, where the inability to catabolize certain light chains leads to marked lysosomal proliferation, enlargement and formation of atypical, markedly enlarged lysosomes with unusual shapes in proximal tubular cells (Figures 18 and 19).
Animals feeding on high-protein diets probably use dietary protein exclusively for tissue synthesis and catabolize excess dietary protein, carbohydrates, and lipids (Houpt and Houpt 1971).
It was shown that proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1[beta], and reactive oxygen species can enhance the activity of IDO, which catabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine, which is further catabolized into kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid [46].
Fusobacteriumnucleatum catabolizes glutamate whereas zinc inhibits this catabolic reaction and causes inhibition of growth; along with this it also prevents the growth of Prevotellaintermedia by inhibiting the catabolism of aspartyl-aspartate and aspartate.
The reticuloendothelial system catabolizes hemoglobin into free iron, globin, and biliverdin, which is rapidly converted to bilirubin.
It may be that the single large dose of vitamin D triggered a short-term "protective" reaction in which the enzyme that catabolizes it was upregulated, "resulting in decreased blood and tissue levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D." This dropoff may have, in turn, raised the risk of falls and fractures.
Comments: Slimming active ingredient that catabolizes the subcutaneous fat to diminish the orange-peel look of cellulite and improve the contour of the figure.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan into a stable metabolite under the kynurenine pathway.
Similar to other ectonucleotidases, NTPDase1 catabolizes extracellular nucleotides [11].
We are characterizing a tetrachloro-1,4-hydroquinone (TCHQ) dehalogenating enzyme from Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1, a gram-positive bacterium that catabolizes pentachlorophenol (PCP).
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