The
characteristic velocity of a synthetic jet is often defined as the axial centerline velocity, [U.sub.cl], due to the assumption of a simple top-hat velocity profile at the nozzle/slot exit and was used to allow matching with the companion experiments.
Therefore, introducing the characteristic length and the
characteristic velocity, the dimensionless parameters of equation can be written as follows:
As far as we know, turbulent intensity should be dependent on the Reynolds number, which is composed of the
characteristic velocity, characteristic length, and kinematic viscosity.
where [beta] is the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient of the fluid ([beta] = 1/Tfor a perfect gas), g is the gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/[s.sup.2]), L is a vertical length scale (e.g., the person's height while seated), [DELTA]T is the temperature difference between the hot and cold features (e.g., the person's skin temperature and cold air jet from diffuser), and V is a
characteristic velocity (velocity of the air jet, say).
where V is the
characteristic velocity. Since the minimum thickness of the fluid film is very small compared with the length L, the nondimensional parameter [epsilon] is a very small quantity.
The above equations have been rendered dimensionless by choosing [U.sub.0] and h as the
characteristic velocity and length, respectively.
Previously referred to as lightspeed the particular value of the
characteristic velocity as it has been measured serves as a label for the universe as well as all residents.
At the same level, the cross-section average extrusion velocity, c*, is used as a
characteristic velocity for the polymer.
For the gravitational quantum states, [x.sub.0] [approximately equal to] 6 [micro]m; the vertical velocity distribution has a
characteristic velocity of [v.sub.0] [approximately equal to] 50 cm/s.
By precisely measuring changes in the wavelengths of reflected X rays, they could determine how much energy went into the materials and then deduce the
characteristic velocity of any high-frequency, collective excitations resulting from the interaction.