Imunohistochemistry for S-100 showed strongly stained chondrocytes and
chondroblasts in the experimental group (c), but not in the control group (d) (magnification, 200x).
Giant cells are also more numerous and evenly distributed in GCT, whereas the presence of
chondroblasts, cartilaginous matrix, and S100 protein or DOG1 positivity would suggest a CBT.
Figure 3: Microscopically the mass is highly cellular along with nodules of chondroid material along with Osteoclastic type of giant cells dispersed among
chondroblasts (H&E x 50).
Three characteristics of MSCs are defined and are universally accepted by most: (1) MSC populations are plastic adherent in vitro; (2) MSCs express antigens CD105, CD90, and CD73 and lack the expression of hematopoietic antigens CD45, CD34, CD14, CD19, or CD3 while expressing MHC Class I molecules in vitro but not Class II molecules unless stimulated; (3) MSCs have the capacity to differentiate to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and
chondroblasts in vitro [6].
MSC has the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,
chondroblasts, or adipocytes in vitro and in vivo [184].
It also has been shown to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal cell types, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, osteoblasts,
chondroblasts, adipocytes, and myoblasts, as well as epithelial cells [5].
Studies carried out with osteoblast cell cultures demonstrated that IGFs increase the proliferation, differentiation, matrix production, and mineralization functions of the
chondroblasts at every stage of development [10, 11].
Studies in mammals have shown these potentials to be correlated to the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in the marrow, which are shown to be able to differentiate into
chondroblasts and osteoblasts.
(1) They undergo asymmetric division to produce cells that become more specialized, such as osteoblasts or
chondroblasts, while maintaining the ability to self perpetuate.
Microscopically the individual tumour cells have small hyperchromatic nuclei with a small rim of eosinophilic cytoplasm which show the features of
chondroblasts. Unlike chondrosarcoma of bone, there are no differentiated cartilage cells with distinct lacunae seen.[sup.10] In our case S-100 immunomarker was negative, which excludes chondroid differentiation.
Myoepithelial cells suffer phenotypic transformations during proliferation, and different types of such transformations have been described: fusiform, hypertrophic, stellate and rounded myoepithelial cells and
chondroblasts. The purpose of this assay is to present the results from the proliferation cells' nuclear antigen (PCNA) and alpha smooth muscle actin (AA) double immunohistochemical technique, which revealed CME proliferation.