where [P.sub.x] is the average power of the transmitted signal and [A.sub.clip] is the maximum allowed signal amplitude of the clipped OFDM signal, and it can be written as
When [A.sub.clip] is smaller than the maximum allowable amplitude of a DAC device, [A.sub.max], the system performance can be improved by normalizing the clipped OFDM signal.
When G = 1, the output of the normalization is the conventional clipped OFDM signal.
Then, the clipped signal [bar.x](n) is amplified by G times, and it can be written as
The biased and clipped time-domain signal can be expressed as [??] (t) = y (t) + [V.sub.DC].
Soybean in wide rows was able to maintain or increase seed yield when clipped, excluding clipping at V5 + R4 and at all three growth stages, which is similar to Francoeur et al.
Pod number increased sharply when soybean was clipped at V5 + R1.
At 57 DAP in narrow rows, treatments clipped at R1 intercepted less light than all other treatments.
Generally, no differences were observed in light interception until clipping at the R4 growth stage, which produced a similar response to narrow rows, except for plots clipped at V5 + R4 and V5 + R1 + R4, which intercepted greater levels of PAR from the period 77 to 90 DAP.