The function [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], [gamma] [not equal to] 0 is univalent in U iff [gamma] is either in
closed disk [absolute value of [gamma] - 1] [less than or equal to] 1 or in the
closed disk [[absolute value of [gamma] + 1] [less than or equal to] 1.
lb), where [B.sub.R] [subset] [R.sup.2] is a
closed disk of radius R centred at the origin O, whereas {[Z.sub.1],[Z.sub.2], ...,[Z.sub.N]} represent N independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) uniform random (UR) points in [B.sub.R], and