codon

[′kō‚dän]

(genetics)

The basic unit of the genetic code, comprising sequential, nonoverlapping three-nucleotide sequences in messenger ribonucleic acid, each of which is translated into one amino acid; 61 of the 64 codons code for a specific protein synthesis; the other 3 are stop codons that specify termination of the growing polypeptide or protein chain.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Codon

a coding unit, a set of three nucleotides (triplet) that determines the position of a particular amino acid in a polypeptide chain synthesized under the control of a gene. A codon is a unit of the genetic code by means of which all the genetic information is “recorded” in DNA and RNA molecules. Many amino acids have more than one codon (so-called degeneracy of the code). There are three codons which do not code amino acids; rather, they determine the beginning or end of the synthesis of a polypeptide chain.

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References in periodicals archive

A diverse pattern of codon usage was found within stop codons: six genes ended with TAA: ND1 (P.

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Oriental Sweetlips, Plectorhinchus orientalis and Plectorhinchus vittatus (Perciformes: Haemulidae) with the Molecular Analysis on their Synonym Controversies

There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes of the patients; and the genotypes of XRCC1 gene in codon 194, codon 280, and codon 399 (p=0.248, p=0.181, p=1.000, respectively).

Distribution of nucleotide variants in the DNA sequence of ERCC1 and XRCC1 genes and the effect of phenotype in patients with gastric cancer

Thus, the C^A polymorphisms in exon 6 do not result in change at codon 156 in cases as well as controls.

Association of polymorphisms of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D gene with cervical cancer in Maharashtrian population: A case-control study

Keywords: Codon usage bias; Genetic code; Salinity responsive genes; Secondary structure.

Short Communication - BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF CODON USAGE BIAS AND RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES FOR SALT STRESS RESPONSIVE GENES IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA AND SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM

Many of you may remember the triplet code "lookup tables" from some textbook, telling you how each of the 64 possible three-base DNA genome elements codes for one of the 20 amino acids, or one of the three STOP codons: TTT is phenylalanine, ATC is isoleucine, and so on.

RNA editing: when what you se(quence) isn't what you get

In the same way one wild type and two mutated probes are used to determine mutation at codon 315 of katG while two wild type probes and four mutation probes are used to detection mutation at -16, -15 and -8 upstream region of inhA.8

Molecular Characterization and Spoligotyping Analysis of Multi Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a High TB Endemic Area of Pakistan

Keywords: TP53 gene, Endometriosis, Codon 72, Pakistani population, Cell cycle.

Association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in women suffering from endometriosis from Lahore, Pakistan

Most conventional methods do not prevent the introduction of false start/stop codon and have low capacity efficiency.

Reversible Data Hiding for DNA Sequence Using Multilevel Histogram Shifting

RET 631 codon mutation is seen rarely in MEN patients.

A Case of MEN 2A: D631Y Mutation

There were 70 (9.7%) isolates with MUT 3 band representing mutation at codon S531L, 6 (0.8%) isolates with MUT1 band indicating mutation at codon D516V, 5 (0.6%) isolates with MUT2A band indicating mutation at codon H526Y, 3 (0.41%) isolates with MUT2B representing mutation at codon H526D.

Frequency of mutations in rifampicin and isoniazid resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis, an analysis from Central India

Such a difference of results is influenced by several factors: differences of the techniques used for detecting mutations, differences in codon of the gene that is considered codon 12 and/or 13 and/or 61 and differences in the selection and study population.

K-RAS mutations in colorectal cancer in patients from Podlaskie region