Based on the features of the
contour line map, it is clear that [z.sub.V] should be less than [H.sub.BC] + [DELTA]h; however, when [delta] = 1, [z.sub.V] will be equal to [H.sub.BC] + [DELTA]h.
As shown in Figure 12, the river segment is first displaced under the counterpart constraints [s.sub.1] to [m.sub.1] where [m.sub.1] is the middle point of a
contour line from intersection point s1 to its matched valley bottom point [s.sub.1].
The accuracy of (8) is assessed as above by comparing the
contour lines computed as circles with contour plots computed with the corresponding exact relationship (6).
Topographic maps, whether prepared by the USGS or a private surveyor, will represent vertical changes in the terrain as broken lines termed
contour lines. The lines represent a vertical rise or fall over the horizontal distance measured from the map's scale.
Interpolating is the process of locating the position of a
contour line between the elevations of two stations.
However, shadow tips that fell on rapidly changing topography made accurate height determination difficult, because a slight mismeasurement of the shadow length could cause the tip to fall on the wrong
contour line. This is what caused the particular 33 percent error - the shadow tip landed smack in the middle of several closely spaced
contour lines, and I picked the wrong one.
For a tilt angle [Delta] [is less than] 60[degrees], the lost coverage is below the
contour line, while for [Delta] [is greater than] 60[degrees], the lost coverage is above the line.
Guridi solves the problem of having to illustrate nothing-ness by using two types of
contour line, and two colour schemes.
The vehicle features an angular design with pointed, upswept LED headlamps and large trapezoidal grille, which has wide horizontal slats finished in dark grey and a centrally mounted Toyota emblem, an inverted
contour line that separates the upper and lower air-dams and creates a triangular space that houses the fog lamps, a silver-hued skid plate and twin bonnet bulges.
