In normal pregnancy there is reduction in the values of various Doppler indices due to the invasion of
cytotrophoblast into the spiral arteries leading to the loss of the muscular component, dilatation and uncoiling of these 'uteroplacental' vessels.
The immortalized cell line from first trimester human
cytotrophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo was obtained from ATCC and cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 5% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA).
To investigate the effect of MEHP on the in vitro differentiation of human
cytotrophoblast into STs, index fusion was calculated based on TWIST1 (Figure 2A,B) or GATA3 (Figure S2A,B) immunostaining.
The nonmolar forms comprise villi with varying admixtures of both androgenetic ([p57.sup.-]) and biparental ([p57.sup.+]) cell lines within individual villi (often segregated as biparental
cytotrophoblast and androgenetic stromal cells, but the reverse is possible); these cell lines are most often both diploid but can be a mixture of diploid and triploid or even tetraploid cells.
These villi will first be composed, externally, of syncytiotrophoblast and a
cytotrophoblast nucleus, and will receive the number of primary chorionic villi.
Human
cytotrophoblast differentiation/invasion is abnormal in pre-eclampsia.
(c) Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed malignant
cytotrophoblast cells infiltrating the submucosa of the intestine, magnification = 40 x.
Cytotrophoblast cells intensely express chorionic gonadotropin, which influences angiogenesis and expression of endothelial vascular growth factor positively (15).
They then linked the defect to impaired
cytotrophoblast invasion (Proc Nad Acad Sci.
The first group includes choriocarcinoma and testicular malignancies taking on a
cytotrophoblast histology (NSGCTs) producing hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-h) in early and advanced stages (16, 17).
Same case with p57 immunohistochemistry showing negative stromal and
cytotrophoblast staining at 4x original (b) and 20x original (c).
At the same time, division of the trophoblast into syncytium and
cytotrophoblast takes place.