Reciprocal responses to dietary
diacylglycerol of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the rat.
Boden, "Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in
diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and I[kappa]B-[alpha]," Diabetes, vol.
In addition to inflammatory signaling, chronic tissue exposure to high levels of saturated fatty acids may promote insulin resistance by increasing tissue content of the lipids
diacylglycerol and ceramides.
Diacylglycerols derived from membrane phospholipids are metabolized by lipases in A10 smooth muscle cells.
They tended to accumulate neutral lipids, including monoacylglycerol,
diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, and alkyl chain.
Meanwhile, overexpression of
diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) has been shown to increase oil content in Arabidopsis (Jako et al., 2001) and soybean (Lardizabal et al., 2008).
In the PI-signal,
diacylglycerol (DAG) is the first identified mammalian second messenger to enhance the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and it is converted to phosphatidate, another messenger, by DAG kinase (DGK).
Monogalactosyl
diacylglycerol, a replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, from spinach enhances the anti-cell proliferation effect of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells.
(23,24) The rise in the intracellular calcium concentration causes the activation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ([PIP.sub.2])-specific phospholipase C and hydrolysis of [PIP.sub.2] and production of two second messengers:
diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate([IP.sub.3]).
R-GECO can be paired with cADDis, the green-fluorescent cAMP sensor, or the green-fluorescent Upward and Downward DAG sensors to simultaneously detect both Ca2+ and cyclic AMP or Ca2+ and
diacylglycerol in living cells.
The scientists produced the structural map of this nanomachine --
diacylglycerol kinase -- by using a "hit and run" crystallography technique.