If they do exist for an airport, they are found in the IFR Takeoff Minimums, Departure Procedures, and Diverse Vector Area (Radar Vectors) section of AIS charts and on the back of the airport diagram chart for Jeppessens.
The FAA recognized the gap between controller's priorities and pilot expectations when creating diverse vector areas. Pilots expect ATC assigned headings to keep them clear of obstacles.
Over the past several years, the FAA has also been introducing
Diverse Vector Areas. Based on in-depth studies of obstructions around an airport, they allow even greater departure vectoring flexibility below the MVA.