Electrostatic interactions are among the most significant indicators to be considered when one will determine the function of proteins.
The gel matrix that is obtained by ionic gelation is characterized by low mechanical resistance and high porosity and some strategies, such as the coating of microparticles with a polyelectrolyte having an opposite charge to that possessed by the gel, have been proposed to improve this functionality through
electrostatic interactions (WANDREY et al., 2010).
Furthermore, ATR-FTIR measurements showed that the cooperative adsorption behaviour of phosphate and aqueous Fe(II) likely results from a combination of ternary complexation and
electrostatic interactions; surface complexation modelling studies required the inclusion of ternary complexes to simulate all conditions of the macroscopic data, further suggesting that phosphate and Fe(Il) formed ternary complexes on Gt and Hm surfaces (Hinkle et al.
The interaction forces between ligand and protein was mainly via
electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions.
In acidic conditions the amine group of CH is protonated which causes
electrostatic interactions of carboxylic group of OKG with protonated CH to produce a tight network which may lead to lower water uptake at lower pH.
Walz, "A model for calculating
electrostatic interactions between colloidal particles of arbitrary surface topology," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.
where [E.sub.a] is the activation energy, [E.sub.d] is the energy required to distort the olefin reactants into their TS geometries, and [E.sub.i] arises from a combination of closed-shell repulsion, charge transfer involving occupied and vacant orbital interactions,
electrostatic interactions, and polarization effects [19].
Nanogels were prepared by creating
electrostatic interactions and heating-induced complexations between LDL and polysaccharides.
Electrostatic interactions, charge neutralization and bridging are among the major interactions involved in dye adsorption and coagulation flocculation.
With increasing -S[O.sub.3]Na content, more positively charged CV molecules can enter into the hydrogels due to strong
electrostatic interactions. On the other hand, MNHs absorbed more cationic CV dye than SHs.