(28) Hence the possible angular errors discussed above in the
frontal plane would also apply equally to the sagittal plane.
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of knee alignments and using a toe clip on knee
frontal plane biomechanics during stationary cycling.
The reference points were marked out on each student's image, and the therapist observed and analyzed the posture from both the sagittal and
frontal planes 10 cm away.
Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that a model that included ipsilateral
frontal plane trunk angle at the end of WA, contralateral hip abductor strength, and BMI as independent variables best explained the rate of loading at the index knee.
Dog Fracture Radial or tibial
Frontal plane span (%) length (j) (mm) angulation ([degrees]) 1 4 120/120 2 (varus) 2 18 170/173 3 (varus) 3 29 150/152 None Initial Surgery Revision 37 150/152 3 (valgus) Surgery Dog Sagittal plane Plate bridging Plate span angulation ([degrees]) ratio (%) ratio (%) 1 2 (recurvatum) 70 6 2 2 (procurvatum) 66 32 3 None 71 40 Initial Surgery Revision 5 (recurvatum) 97 38 Surgery Dog Plate working Time to union length (%) (weeks) 1 13 10 2 20 9 3 41 NA Initial Surgery Revision 32 8 Surgery (j) Fractured bone length/intact bone length; NA: not applicable.
The results of the active ROM of the cervical spine showed that only the DCF exercises combined with PTA group achieved a significant increase in the three plane measurements during the follow-up especially the
frontal plane ROM.
(11,30,31) The hip abduction test described by Nelson-Wong et al (11) ranged from 0 to 3 points and was determined by degrees of
frontal plane motion, with zero being no loss of
frontal plane motion and 3 points being severe loss of
frontal plane motion.
People with stroke have impairments in the regulation of
frontal plane stability, as indicated by a reduction in weight-shifting capacity while standing [24-26].
P-Wave changes: Normal P wave is best seen and studied in standard lead II because the
frontal plane P wave axis is usually directed to the positive pole of this lead.
Based on table 3, after intervention during quiet standing, participants in the experimental group showed a significant reduction in COP displacement in both frontal and sagittal planes, as well as in COP velocity in the
frontal plane and total velocity.
The anterior posterior index (API) measures the ankle stability in the sagittal plane, while the medial lateral index (MLI) measures the
frontal plane stability, with a high stability index indicating poor stability.
(22, 26-28) With the head in neutral position, GVS evokes body sway mainly along the
frontal plane and the direction is toward the side of the anode.