gastrin

[′gas·trən]

(biochemistry)

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the pyloric mucosa which stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid and the stomach to release gastric acid.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Gastrin

a polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous membrane of the pylorus of the stomach; it is secreted when the pylorus is stretched or acted on by chemical stimulants (for example, products of the decomposition of food) or impulses from the vagus nerves. Gastrin increases the secretion of gastric and pancreatic juices, as well as of bile, and alters the tone and motility of the stomach and intestines. An increase in the hydrochloric-acid content of the pylorus (when acidic gastric juice enters it) inhibits the secretion of gastrin. Two kinds of gastrin, which are very similar in structure and physiological properties, have been distinguished. Gastrin has been synthesized chemically.

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References in periodicals archive

Expression and processing of gastrin in hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.

Proton Pump Inhibitors Raise Risk of Liver Cancer

This may be due to increased gastrin secretion, parietal cell hyperplasia or upregulation of proton pump activity.

Gastritis and proton pump inhibitors

Gastrin and colorectal cancer: a prospective study.

Role of screening colonoscopy for colorectal tumors in Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis with MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygous: A prospective cross-sectional study in Thailand

Tumour Age to Biochemical test Imaging test begin(y) annually (Time interval) Parathyroid 8 Calcium, PTH None Pancreas 20 Gastrin None Gastrinoma Insulinoma 5 Fasting glucose, None Insulin Other <10 Chromogranin-A, MRI, CT or pancreatic NET PP, glucagon, VIP endoscopic US Pituitary 5 Prolactin, IGF-1 MRI (every 3 y) Adrenal 19 None unless >1cm lesion or MRI or CT symptoms Thymic and 15 None CT or MRI(1-2y) bronchial carcinoid

Giant Prolactinoma of Young Onset: A Clue to Diagnosis of MEN-1 Syndrome

Plasma fasting gastrin and glucagon levels were within normal ranges.

Synchronous Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor and Insulinoma in an Adolescent MEN1 Patient Presenting with Diagnostic Dilemmas

The possible mechanisms involved in this process include decreased pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, cholecystokinin, gastrin and gastrointestinal hormone levels, D cell damage reduction and improved somatostatin synthesis and release.

Analysis of the Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Diabetic Gastroparesis

It is important to mention that ghrelin plasma levels may be affected by other hormones, such as gastrin and leptin (27,38), and especially by age, as reported by Nouh et al.

Ghrelin plasma levels, gastric ghrelin cell density and bone mineral density in women with rheumatoid arthritis

NETs lead to increased hormone production which most commonly can result in low blood sugar if too much insulin is produced, high blood sugar if too much glucagon is produced, and gastric ulcers if too much gastrin is produced.

WCM-Q Grand Rounds welcomes two expert speakers

pylori strains have been shown to affect the secretion of several hormones, including 5-HT, ghrelin, dopamine, and gastrin, and altered levels of these hormones might be the cause of the psychological disorders of functional dyspepsia patients.

Current Approaches to the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Further investigations were also positive for intrinsic factor-blocking antibodies and an elevated gastrin level consistent with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia.

Pernicious Anemia Associated Cobalamin Deficiency and Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature