inoculant

[i′näk·yə·lənt]

(metallurgy)

A substance which augments a melt, usually in the latter part of the melting operation, thus altering the solidification structure of the cast metal, as in grain refinement of aluminum alloys.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Inoculant

a substance added to a metal or alloy in small quantities, causing a significant change in its structure and properties. The effect of such treatment is called inoculation.

According to the classification of P. A. Rebinder, inoculants are divided into two groups. The first group includes surface-active substances, which are adsorbed on the nuclei that form on crystallization centers and retard their growth, resulting in the appearance of a large number of new nuclei, whose growth becomes possible as the concentration of the inoculant on their surfaces decreases.

Inoculants of the second type facilitate the formation of crystallization centers, such as colloidal particles, which affect the nucleation of crystals of the metallic phase during hardening. Upon the appearance of a large number of such centers, there is increased formation of fine granules of the principal phase or fine inclusions of other phases. Phases that otherwise would not be formed in the material sometimes crystallize on such centers.

Inoculants of both groups disintegrate granules (inclusions), but inoculants of the first group enhance the supercooling of melts during crystallization, and those of the second group reduce supercooling.

REFERENCE

Rebinder, P. A., and M. S. Lipman. “Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy modifikatsii metallov i splavov malymi poverkhnostno aktivnymi primesiami.” In Issledovaniia v oblasti prikladnoi fiziko-khimii poverkhnostnykh iavlenii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1936.

A. A. ZHUKOV

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References in periodicals archive

However, it was not affected (p>0.05) by inoculant. The temperatures of PI silage applied LP inoculant were highest (p< 0.05) at 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, and 30 h of aerobic exposure compared to the other silages.

Temperature and microbial changes of corn silage during aerobic exposure

The analysis of variance revealed interaction between the use of inoculant x molybdenum doses for the variables of nitrate reductase enzyme activity obtained in the vegetative stage (V3), and the nitrate reductase enzyme activity obtained in the reproductive stage (R5) of plants originated from seeds treated with different molybdenum doses with presence and absence of inoculant, at 5% probability; however, for the variables: plant height, thousand-seed weight, shoot dry mass and root dry mass, there was no significant variation.

Treatment of soybean seeds with molybdenum and inoculant: nitrate reductase activity and agronomic performance

Oluoch notes that the inoculants need to be kept cool and dry before use to keep the bacteria active."One key thing to note when using a liquid inoculant is to avoid diluting the product with chlorinated water as the chlorine can kill the lactic acid bacteria if it is too high.

Why we use inoculants, not molasses to make silage

There are various reports indicating that LAB inoculant did not effect ruminal DM and OM degrabilities or digestibility of silages (Arriola et al.

EFFECT OF PRE-FERMENTED JUICE, LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM AND LACTOBACILLUS BUCHNERI ON THE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS AND AEROBIC STABILITY OF HIGH DRY MATTER ALFALFA BALE SILAGE

Effect of microbial inoculant on composition, aerobic stability, in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production of corn silage.

Natural Incidence of Aspergillus Mycoflora and Mycotoxins in Fresh and Ensiled Maize Fodder

Factors such as desiccation, temperature, and seed coat toxicity, for instance, have been implicated in poor inoculant survival on seeds and failure of nodulation and [N.sub.2] fixation [7].

Preinoculation of Soybean Seeds Treated with Agrichemicals up to 30 Days before Sowing: Technological Innovation for Large-Scale Agriculture

Leaf N contents and the number of panicles [m.sup.-2] were not influenced by the treatments of doses and forms of application of inoculant, in both seasons.

Doses and application methods of Azospirillum brasilense in irrigated upland rice/Doses e modos de aplicacao de Azospirillum brasilense em arroz de terras altas irrigado

The diversity of rhizobia nodulating chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) under water deficiency as a source of more efficient inoculants. Soil Biol Biochem., 41: 2568-2572

The Symbiotic Efficiency of Legume Tree Rhizobia for Host Range Legumes in Central Saudi Arabia

Three lots were produced using three different alternative inoculants (KIM et al., 2009) to pursue the improved machinability.

Effects of different inoculants on the microstructural characteristics of gray cast iron gg-25, hardness and useful life of tools/Efeitos de diferentes inoculantes nas caracteristicas microestruturais de ferro fundido cinzento gg-25, dureza e vida util de ferramenta