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caliph

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caliph

, calif, kalif, khalif
Islam the title of the successors of Mohammed as rulers of the Islamic world, later assumed by the Sultans of Turkey
Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Caliph

 

the spiritual and secular head of the Muslim community and of the theocratic Muslim state, or caliphate. The caliphs were regarded at first as deputies of Allah’s messenger Muhammad, and later—from the time of the Umayyads—as deputies of Allah himself on this earth. Beginning with the first half of the tenth century, the title of caliph was adopted by the Fatimids and by the Umayyads in Spain, as well as by the Abbasids. After the fall of the Abbasid caliphate in the 13th century, the title was used by the heads, or sultans, of certain Muslim states (for example, the Turkish sultans) who claimed spiritual sovereignty over all the world’s Muslims. See references under .

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive
Addressing reporters, Shehar Mufti Khalif Hameed said, "A mosque is the most appropriate place for Namaz.
Khalif still has to pay PS115 victim surcharge and PS85 court costs.
Khalif 's brother Ali Khalif Shire Ali, 21, was reportedly arrested in November 2017 over a foiled terror attack in Federation Square, also in the heart of the city.
Khalif 's passport was cancelled several years ago as he was said to have been noted as one of 300 potential security risks.
Muscat: On behalf of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said, His Highness Sayyid Asa'ad bin Tariq Al Said, Deputy Prime Minister for International Relations and Cooperation Affairs, Personal Representative of His Majesty the Sultan received separately in his office on Sunday Fahad Hajar Al Mutairi, Ambassador of the State of Kuwait to the Sultanate and Farhad Khalif, Ambassador of the Tunisian Republic to the Sultanate to bid them farewell at the end of their tour of duties as their countries' ambassadors to the Sultanate.
The bridgw will be 90m above sea level and will have five lanes in both directions, the report said quoting Khalif.
The minister arranged a meeting in the presence of Khaled Al-Khateb, head of the ministry's office sector, and Ahmed Khalif, the minister's advisor on emergency and urgent care affairs, as well as Ahmed Ansari, head of the Egyptian Ambulance Authority.
The added there is news that the strike targeted a leading figure in / Deputy Wali of Hawija the Kurdish, Mullah Shwan /, noting that other leaders were targeted by the bombing, Ahmed Tayyip Khalif Abdullah Jassim, Mohammed Tayyip Khalif, Saad Ahmed Khalif, Haitham Ahmed Khalif, Thamer Jaber, and Akram Turfa, who were taken to the hospital of Hawija .
LIONS -- Declined the 2015 contract options for DB Dante Marsh, DE Khalif Mitchell, LB Jamal Johnson and P Ricky Schmitt.
The winner of the competition was Khalifa Ali Khalif al-Jahouri from the UAE.
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