Parenteral/oral therapy is recommended depending on the child overall condition, urine (
leukocyturia and/or hematuria) and urine culture are needed for diagnostic purposes, further diagnostic workup should be reserved for pediatrician/pediatric nephrology specialist judgment.
Patients presenting with chronic kala-azar can have mild proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and
leukocyturia. Hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and increased plasma levels of both IgG and b2-microglobulins were found in a group of 55 patients with visceral leishmaniasis.
Half of the patients were with
leukocyturia and 62.5% with nephrotic syndrome.
These renal alterations coincided with the serum increases of urea, creatinine and inorganic phosphorous, as well as the discoveries of proteinuria,
leukocyturia, cylindruria and hematuria (myoglobinuria?).
Urinalysis showed proteinuria, glycosuria, ketonuria, bacteriuria and
leukocyturia. A hepatobiliar ecography was performed, revealing a 24-mm vesicular calculus without cholecystitis or hepatomegaly and normal intra- and extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Patients with neurogenic bladder commonly have chronic bacteriuria and recurrent UTIs, and thus generally require a combination of bacteriuria and
leukocyturia - as well as clinical symptoms or an increase in autonomic dysreflexia - for the initiation of empirical UTI therapy.
26 persons received counts, types and cranberry extract and 22 numbers of different persons received placebo bacterial species,
leukocyturia, urinary pH, or episodes of symptomatic urinary tract infection Intervention: Daily ingestion of capsules with 2 g of concentrated cranberry juice or placebo for 6 months Design: Randomised, double- blind, placebo-controlled study Baseline urinalysis and cultures were performed at the time of the initial clinic visit and monthly for 6 months Population: Volunteers No reduction of the Morris and amounts of calcium and Stickler magnesium recovered (2001) from catheters by cranberry drinking and even more encrustation.
The urinalysis showed proteinuria (2+), glicosuria (+),
leukocyturia (10 cells per high power field) and hemoglobinuria (3+).
Urine tests for determining the bacteruria and
leukocyturia was performed daily.
Since April 2003, we have analyzed untimed urine samples from critically ill patients with ARF in ICUs: dipstick test and urine sediment analysis were performed on all samples, and none showed massive
leukocyturia. The proteinuria is typed by quantitative (nephelometry) (16, 17) and qualitative (immunofixation) (18) immunologic techniques and by sodium dodecyl sulfate--agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) (19), with retinol-binding protein (21 kDa) and al-microglobulin (31 kDa) considered as markers of tubular damage; albumin (67 kDa), transferrin (80 kDa), and IgG (150 kDa) as markers of glomerular injury; and [[alpha].sub.2]-macroglobulin (725 kDa) as a marker of postrenal proteinuria.