There are tons of studies suggesting that depressions are due to
monoamine neurotransmitter changes [16-19]; in addition, many other hormones are also involved, such as sex hormones [20].
Separate to the vascular effects of the
monoamine neurotransmitters, there appear to be direct effects of dopamine and noradrenaline on the function of the gastrointestinal tract.
The monoamine theory of MDD states that the symptoms of depression are because of reductions in the
monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain (Delgado, 2000).
Phenylalanine plays a significant role in the synthesis and regulation of
monoamine neurotransmitters. In this study, we observed regional variation in
monoamine neurotransmitter levels, suggesting a specific aspartame-induced alteration in the monoamine biosynthesis.
Peripheral measurements of
monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin and the catecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine) and their metabolites in either plasma or urine have been used most often to look at mechanisms in hypotension or hypertension, and as screening procedures to detect and monitor neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma (1-3).Measurement of these neurotransmitters and metabolites in peripheral fluids, although useful for these disorders, rarely has benefit for the investigation of disorders that primarily affect the central nervous system (CNS).
For example, lengthening of the free-running circadian period has been reported after repeated exposure to stressors and following olfactory bulb removal (a procedure that reduces levels of
monoamine neurotransmitters), whereas period-shortening has been reported in genetically selected rat strains showing altered responsiveness to drugs affecting monoamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitter systems (Rosenwasser 1992; Rosenwasser and Wirz-Justice 1997).
This increase in
monoamine neurotransmitter concentrations results in increased binding at postsynaptic receptors.
Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of
monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism.
5-HT is a
monoamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, where it plays an important role in regulating mood, memory and many other functions.
Beta-PEA is a
monoamine neurotransmitter that has amphetamine-like functions that can alter mood and attention, and decreased beta-PEA levels may contribute to symptoms of inattentiveness (Berry 2004).
Pharmacological profile of the "triple"
monoamine neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor, DOV 102,677.