Amelung, "Gas chromatograph1c determination of
muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils," Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.
For both bed and family room dust, these microbial biomarkers included ergosterol level (nanograms per milligram of dust), [beta]-D-glucan (nanograms per milligram of dust), midchain (C10:0, C12:0, C14:0) 3-OHFAs (picomoles per milligram of dust), endotoxin (endotoxin units per milligram of dust, by both LAL and rFC), and
muramic acid (nanograms per milligram of dust).
glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine, and
muramic acid were determined according to the method of Zhang and Amelung (1996).
The relative abundance of fungal and bacterial biomass was evaluated from the glucosamine and
muramic acid contents (Chantigny et al.
The second session for defending the standard suggested by Iran was held in Safety and Environment Workgroup; the proposed standard was entitled "Measurement of
Muramic Acid for the Determination of the Antibacterial Activity of Nanosilver".