On the feed lattice between the lapper and the loom infeed, markers were accurately positioned at 500 mm intervals and their separation remeasured after needling. In this way the increase in length during the total needling process could be assessed.
At each advance, higher values of draft are apparent with vertical needling and the difference increases with web advance.
Hence with vertical needling, the opportunity for web stretching increases.
Web Weight: In Figure 3 fabric weight after needling for initial web weights of 200, 400 and 600 gpsm are shown plotted against length increase during needling.
Again there is a significant difference between the two needling modes and the effects of increased weight are much less pronounced with elliptical needling.