(4) AFC data also contains some
noisy data; for example, passengers may swipe in and swipe out from same stations.
Nevertheless, processing this kind of images is challenging as they include
noisy data that needs to be discarded in order to help physicians make accurate decisions.
In Section 4 we briefly summarize the options to solve the ill-posed inverse problem of reconstructing the imbalance [p.sup.0] from given
noisy data u.
In this paper, we introduce a hidden random variable and cluster occupants based on it and use hidden variables to deal with
noisy data (e.g., clothing, metabolic rate, air velocity, etc.)
Consequently, appropriate denoising and classification techniques should be explored to effectively deal with
noisy data and enhance classification performance.
According to Fritz, depth sensors, such as those of the Microsoft Kinect, are very powerful, but unfortunately they do not work equally well on all materials, which leads to
noisy data or even missing measurements.
The preparation of data for analysis in this study included data cleaning by fill in missing values, smooth
noisy data and resolve inconsistencies.
First we solve the forward problem with some specified function f(r) to simulate the final value u(r, T) := g(r) by (2.2), then we add artificial random noise to g(r) for generating the
noisy data [g.sub.[delta]](r).
These challenges are not restricted to mathematical ones such as "
noisy data" or poorly applied statistics in the form of--say an omitted variable bias that might have an econometric solution--but philosophical issues that had been raised by Karl Popper in the twentieth century (Thornton 2016).