open source

a. intellectual property, esp computer source code, that is made freely available to the general public by its creators

b. (as modifier): open source software

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

open source

(philosophy, legal)

A method and philosophy for software licensing and distribution designed to encourage use and improvement of software written by volunteers by ensuring that anyone can copy the source code and modify it freely.

The term "open source" is now more widely used than the earlier term "free software" (promoted by the Free Software Foundation) but has broadly the same meaning - free of distribution restrictions, not necessarily free of charge.

There are various open source licenses available. Programmers can choose an appropriate license to use when distributing their programs.

The Open Source Initiative promotes the Open Source Definition.

The Cathedral and the Bazaar. was a seminal paper describing the open source phenomenon.

Open Sources - O'Reilly book with full text online.

Articles from ZDNet.

This article is provided by FOLDOC - Free Online Dictionary of Computing (foldoc.org)

open source

Software that is distributed with its source code so that end user organizations and vendors can modify it for their own purposes. Most open source licenses allow the software to be redistributed without restriction under the same terms of the license. For the complete, official definition of open source, visit www.opensource.org/docs/osd. For a list of approved open source licenses, visit www.opensource.org/licenses.

There are thousands of open source titles, and although used on most platforms, they are particularly common in the Linux/Unix world. Major examples are the Linux operating system, Apache Web server and JBoss application server. See Linux, Apache and JBoss.

Free and Paid
A great amount of open source software is available at no charge, and many open source projects are developed by a community of volunteers. However, there are commercial vendors that enhance open source software, provide technical support and charge a fee, the most notable example being the Linux operating system (see Linux distribution).

Fewer Bugs vs. Too Many Cooks
Open source proponents claim that the code in open source programs is continuously reviewed by new programmers, and bugs are weeded out more quickly. In addition, the wide variety of contributors leads to enhancements that might not otherwise be included. However, vendors of proprietary software counter by saying that having total control over the software is far superior; that the old saying "too many cooks spoil the broth" is especially true in software development.

Advantages of Open Source
The single major advantage is no licensing fees. A second advantage is flexibility. Users of open source software can modify the programs to fit their needs, and many companies use open source for this reason alone.

Another advantage is the ability to fast track a project. Since there is no contract to sign, IT departments can use the software without waiting for contractual negotiations to be completed.

Lastly, as long as there is one remaining, devoted contributor, the software will continue to be enhanced. In the world of proprietary, commercial software, a useful program that users may truly love is often abandoned when it no longer generates enough profit. For more information, visit www.opensource.org and www.sourceforge.net.

The Free and Open Source Communities
In the late 1990s, open source software was derived from "free software," meaning free of restrictions and why the phrase "free and open source software" is often used. Whereas the "free software" movement promotes the user's freedom as an ethical issue, the philosophy of open source focuses on the practical benefits when users cooperate with each other. Nearly all open source software conforms to the free software movement, but there are occasional exceptions because the definition of free software is more strict (see free software). See open data, open data, Shared Source and open source hardware.

Open Source in Your Car

Open source applications are running everywhere today, even in your car. This open source license for Apache software is displayed in an aftermarket Kenwood head unit (radio, navigation, etc.). See head unit and Apache.

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References in periodicals archive

Open-source software is now a foundational element of our computerised world thanks to the efforts of numerous organisations, independent developers, and regular users.In honor of the twentieth anniversary of open source, here are some of the ways the movement changed PCs.

Open source turns 20: here's how the movement influenced PCs

Wordpress is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL and is installed on a web server.

USE OF OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGY FOR EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC LIBRARIES SERVICES IN NIGERIA

Open-source software is simply software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.

To protect voting, use open-source software

But, now decision makers have also started realising another benefit of using open-source, that is collaborative development.

"Open Source Market is Growing Rapidly"

Leading software industry figures, among them Richard Stallman and Bill dates, sometimes view open-source software in almost Manichean terms: Stallman, the founder of the Free Software Foundation, views open-source software as inherently good and proprietary software as evil, whereas Gates has sometimes viewed open-source software as a form of intellectual property communism (that's not a compliment) in contrast with proprietary software, which is an admirable capitalist enterprise.

Is open-source software the answer? The Comingled Code: Open Source and Economic Development

Organisations pushing open-source BI adoption often come from different vertical industries to those of the mainstream commercial vendors.

Open for business: open source applications for business intelligence are gaining ground across the board, particularly as companies continue to seek cost savings, reports Archana Venkatraman

(9.) See, e.g., Steven Vaughan-Nichols, OSI Should Close Open-Source Licenses, EWEEK, Feb.

Open source license proliferation: helpful diversity or hopeless confusion?

In simple terms, open-source is a set of principles and practices on how to write software, the most important of which is that the source code is openly available for other developers to modify, so it can be tailored and sold, or given away.

TECH NOTES - Not just for geeks and academics

In the FY2006 the Defense Authorization Act Congress found that the Intelligence Community "has not expanded its exploitation efforts and systems to produce open-source intelligence," and directed DOD to prepare a plan for funding a "robust" open source intelligence capability under the oversight of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.

Open source intelligence (OSINT): issues for Congress: December 5, 2007

The full Java SE software package will be open-source software in the first half of 2007--probably the early part.

Sun Microsystems To release significant open-source Java components this year

But wasn't open-source technology supposed to be the savior of software budgets and vendor-stressed information technology (IT) departments?

CMS: sticking with tried and true: institutions are boosting their content management efforts with the use of commercial software while looking at open-source technology with a cautious eye