USCs are considered to be similar to ADSCs with their in vitro ability of
osteogenic differentiation.
von Kossa staining was performed to show the mineralization and calcium deposition of differentiated cells as a marker of
osteogenic transformation.
(22) demonstrated that miR-216a was remarkably up-regulated during
osteogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived MSCs.
Alizarin red staining was increased in MSC monolayers receiving vibration and
osteogenic media compared to control, though staining was not increased for vibrated cells that did not receive
osteogenic media.
For example,
osteogenic differentiation can be induced in vitro by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) [26] or by a differentiation cocktail [27].
To avoid the influences of medicine on
osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, all diabetic volunteers who received thiazolidinedione (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) therapy were excluded.
For example, miR-23a significantly inhibits TNF-[alpha]-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells (osteoblastic line) by targeting Fas, a proapoptotic protein, and promotes
osteogenic differentiation by targeting Runx2 expression in ATDC5 cells [70, 71].
Thus there is a great need for a stable 3-D bone model that is populated with the appropriate
osteogenic cells and is responsive to factors that regulate bone functions in vivo.
To verify
osteogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs after 21 days of cultivation in
osteogenic medium, we performed relative quantification of gene transcripts of osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OC) by real time RT-PCR using the [2.sup.-delta delta CT] method.
In this process, the
osteogenic differentiation marker genes (ALP, BSP, and OCN) proliferated.
This makes it extremely promising to find out the final role of ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling in
osteogenic differentiation, bone formation, and tissue regeneration, especially in the situation of bone disorders with persistent inflammation.