De Jonge, "Electron
paramagnetic resonance knight shift in semimagnetic (diluted magnetic) semiconductors," Physical Review Letters, vol.
where [N.sub.u]--the number of
paramagnetic center in the ultramarine reference; W, [W.sub.u]--the receiver gains for sample and the ultramarine; A, [A.sub.u]--the amplitudes of ruby signal for the sample and the ultramarine; I, [I.sub.u]--the integral intensities for the sample and ultramarine; m--the mass of the sample.
This result is shown in Figure 3.The [La.sub.0.7][Ca.sub.0.24][Sr.sub.0.06]Mn[O.sub.3] single crystal undergoes a phase transition from
paramagnetic to a ferromagnetic state at the Curie temperature [T.sub.c]= 277 K.
g-Factors were calculated from the
paramagnetic resonance condition according to the formula [8]: g = hv/[[mu].sub.B][B.sub.r], where h--Planck constant, v--microwave frequency, [[mu].sub.B]-Bohr magneton, and [B.sub.r]--induction of resonance magnetic field.
Magnetic measurements showed that the nanocrystal formed by ultrasonic radiation had super
paramagnetic properties," she added.
These include increasing the echo time, which allows greater time for the dephasing of the
paramagnetic signal; thinner scanning sections, which increase the signal-to-noise ratio; increasing the magnetic field strength; and image postprocessing techniques such as susceptibility-weighted imaging, which "incorporates the phase shift as well as the magnitude effects of the iron deposits to increase their visibility."
We also studied the Cu(II)-frataxin complexes by electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR).
Compared with conventional [T.sub.2]-weighted MRI, [T.sub.2.sup.*]-weighted MRI does not use a refocusing pulse, "so the dephasing caused by the
paramagnetic iron is accentuated by the [T.sub.2.sup.*]-weighted technique," Dr.
Electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were recorded on a Varian E-3 X-band spectrometer at 77 K and at room temperature.
At the Curie-Point, the relative permeability of the sample carrier falls suddenly and the status changes instantaneously from ferromagnetic to
paramagnetic.