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PPFD Blue light Shade net (400-700nm) (400-500nm) Black 615.2 [+ or -] 4.6d * 141.8 [+ or -] 1.7f Aluminized 690.0 [+ or -] 1.8c 169.2 [+ or -] 1.3b Grey 707.5 [+ or -] 5.5b 162.3 [+ or -] 1.6c Perl 695.4 [+ or -] 3.6c 150.4 [+ or -] 1.4e Blue 759.7 [+ or -] 4.2a 192.9 [+ or -] 1.4a Red 761.2 [+ or -] 5.9a 158.8 [+ or -] 1.6d Red light Shade net (600-700nm) Black 255.4 [+ or -] 2.0e Aluminized 274.9 [+ or -] 2.3d Grey 293.7 [+ or -] 2.1c Perl 298.8 [+ or -] 2.7b Blue 295.2 [+ or -] 2.0bc Red 358.4 [+ or -] 2.6a PPFD = photosynthetic photon flux density.

Sunlight transmitted by colored shade nets on photosynthesis and yield of cucumber/Luz solar transmitida por malhas coloridas sobre fotossintese e rendimento de pepino

The unit of measurement is called the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and is defined as micromoles per square meter per second ([micro]mol/[m.sup.2]/s).

Optimizing Natural Light Distribution for Indoor Plant Growth Using PMMA Optical Fiber: Simulation and Empirical Study

The photonic efficiency (Z) of the NO degradation is calculated from the degradation rate of NO and the incident photon flux according to the following equation [33]:

Photoactivity of Titanium Dioxide Foams

Chou and Wen note, however, that while many soft X-ray sources and their characteristic photon flux densities are generally assumed to cause negligible changes to the adsorbate in PSD studies, particular systems can exhibit variation in chemical-bonding structure, especially when high-intensity SR is used [23].

X-Ray-Induced Changes to Passivation Layers of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Measurements of net photosynthesis (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), leaf temperature (LT), water use efficiency (WUE) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were performed using an infrared gas analysis system (IRGA--ADC-LCA-4, Hoddesdon, UK).

SEASONAL PATTERNS OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOL AND TANNIN CONTENTS IN Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville/AVALIACAO SAZONAL DA ATIVIDADE DA FENILALANINA AMONIA-LIASE E DOS TEORES DE FENOIS E TANINOS TOTAIS EM Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville

3.2 Cross section of an hydrogen ion from photon flux

Physical properties of stars and stellar dynamics

Conventionally, these nonlinear processes are assumed to occur only at the focal volume where extremely high photon flux is generated, allowing for noninvasive three-dimensional optical sectioning.

Annular Beam Shaping in Multiphoton Microscopy to Reduce Out-of-Focus Background

The photon flux density (PFD) was measured by a quantum radiometer (LI-189 LI-COR, USA) with a quantum sensor LI-190SA.

Carbon stock estimation in an unmanaged old-growth forest: a case study from a broad-leaf deciduous forest in the Northwest of Italy/Estimation de stockage de carbone dans une vieilles foret: etude de cas sur une foret temperee decidue au nord-ouest de l'Italie/Estimacion de almacenamiento de carbono de un bosque de edad madura no manejados: un estudio de caso de un bosque caducifolio en el noreste de Italia

Where w = 2[pi]f , k(r) is a diffusion coefficient, [phi](r) is a photon flux density at the position r, c is the speed of light in a medium and [[mu].sub.a] (r) is the absorption coefficient.

Forward model analysis in diffuse optical tomography using RTE and FEM