quinine

a bitter crystalline alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark, the salts of which are used as a tonic, antipyretic, analgesic, etc., and in malaria therapy. Formula: C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

What does it mean when you dream about quinine?

Quinine water is the solution that is drunk to relieve the fever of persons suffering from malaria. Perhaps the dreamer thirsts after self expression, and a situation or a condition has them in such an untenable position that they are feverish with frustration.

quinine

[′kwī‚nīn]

(organic chemistry)

C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂·3H₂O White powder or crystals, soluble in alcohol, ether, carbon disulfide, chloroform, and glycerol; an alkaloid derived from cinchona bark; used as an antimalarial drug and in beverages.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Quinine

an alkaloid found in the bark and other parts of trees of the genera Cinchona and Remijia of the family Rubiaceae, which grow in tropical countries. Quinine was first isolated in pure form in 1820 by the French chemists P. Pelletier and J. Caventou. It was successfully synthesized in 1944 by the American chemists R. Woodward and W. Doering.

In its chemical structure, quinine is a complex polycyclic compound. A base, it is poorly soluble in water but readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.

Quinine is a typical protoplasmic poison. In therapeutic doses it affects various systems of the organism; quinine hydrochloride, quinine dihydrochloride, and quinine sulfate are used in medicine. Quinine depresses the heat-regulator centers. It reduces the excitability of the heart muscle, lengthens the refractory period, and somewhat decreases cardiac contractility. It stimulates the muscles of the uterus and increases its contraction. Because of its ability to depress the vital activities of the erythrocytic forms of malarial plasmodia, quinine is used as an antimalarial agent. In toxic doses, it depresses the activity of the cerebral cortex, leading to loss of hearing, vertigo, nausea, and other symptoms of poisoning.

In view of the difficulty in synthesizing quinine, it is isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree. The USSR imports very little quinine because of the production of effective Soviet synthetic antimalarial agents and the almost complete eradication of malaria.

V. V. PARIN

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References in periodicals archive

[4,5] However, as expected, hypoglycaemia was more common in the quinine groups in both studies.

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In an attempt to reduce the averseness of the concentrated FDT+ and quinine, either 250 mM sucrose (8%w/w) or 750 mM sucrose (25% w/w) was added to each concentration of the aversive stimuli.

The Palatability of Lopinavir and Ritonavir Delivered by an Innovative Freeze-Dried Fast-Dissolving Tablet Formulation

Part II on the other hand was subsectioned into various categories and captured data on the respondents' knowledge on malaria, preventive measures and treatment seeking attitude, paediatric drug formulations, antimalarial drug use options, quinine antimalarial therapy, and novel quinine formulations for children.

The Challenges and Knowledge Gaps in Malaria Therapy: A Stakeholder Approach to Improving Oral Quinine Use in the Treatment of Childhood Malaria in Ghana

Chloroquine, quinine, doxycycline, and dihydroartemisinin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).

Plasmodium falciparum in vitro resistance to monodesethylamodiaquine, Dakar, Senegal, 2014

Symptoms started about 4 hours after she took two tablets of Quinine 324 mg each, which she got from her mother for nocturnal leg cramps.

Quinine-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation

Quinine is the most frequently used drug for severe malaria.

A STUDY OF THE SPECTRUM OF PRESENTING SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS, TREATMENT AND OUTCOME OF SEVERE MALARIA IN THE ADMITTED CHILDREN OF KUWAIT TEACHING HOSPITAL, PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

Quinine sulfate is indeed a well known (and ancient) remedy for nocturnal leg cramps, and it is relatively benign, though it can (infrequently) cause blood-related side effects.

Potassium keeps muscle cramps away

In the United States, several antimalarials are available for treatment of uncomplicated malaria, including atovaquone-proguanil, artemether-lumefantrine, chloroquine, oral quinine plus doxycycline (or tetracycline or clindamycin), and mefloquine, depending on species and expected sensitivity.

Update on cases of delayed hemolysis after parenteral artesunate therapy for malaria--United States, 2008 and 2013

Another one was sensitive to increasing concentrations of sugar, and another cell was responsive to DEET and quinine."

Mosquitoes reveal a taste for repellents

(2012) did not see much of a relationship between statins and quinine prescription use.

The patient was admitted to a ward and treatment was commenced with quinine and doxycycline, together with primaquine in attempt to eradicate the organism from the liver.

Malaria and lupus anticoagulant: a case study and review

In 1820, two French chemists succeeded in isolating the bark's effective agent, the alkaloid quinine. Seizing the opportunity of a widening market for anti-malarial remedies in America, enterprising manufacturers in Philadelphia and New York began churning out this new medicine.

Malaria: a Michigan affliction