Since the optically thick cloud was sampled over open ocean and sea ice, two modes in the frequency distribution of solar cloud
radiative forcing appear (Fig.
Caption: Albedo effects
Radiative forcing and climate responses
Blaschke, "Aerosol optical properties and
radiative forcing over mega city Karachi," Atmospheric Research, vol.
"It is also clear that the oceans absorb about 85% of the excess heat resulting from this
radiative forcing by greenhouse gases (as well as about 40% of the carbon dioxide).
As noted above, the IPCC report concedes that "almost all historical simulations do not reproduce the observed recent warming hiatus." It argues that the difference "could be caused by some combination of (a) internal climate variability, (b) missing or incorrect
radiative forcing, and (c) model response error." That is to say, the projections are being thrown by pesky natural climate fluctuations, and possible errors in calculating how much warming a given greenhouse gas will produce.
C[O.sub.2] is the leading human activity related (hereon referred as, anthropogenic) GHG and has been mentioned in various researches as contributing the most to the increased levels of global warming that through its
radiative forcing and greenhouse effect.
Key words: AERONET, Refractive index, Asymmetry parameter,
Radiative forcing, Lahore
Consequently, the visibility is reduced and the local
radiative forcing is significantly affected.
The WMO says greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere reached record concentrations in 2011, and reported Tuesday a 30 percent increase in "
radiative forcing" the warming effect on climate, between 1990 and 2011.
1, we chose one with a target
radiative forcing of 2.6W[m.sup.-2] at the stabilization stage, labeled RCP 2.6.8),9) Apparently, this target corresponds to an equilibrium temperature rise of 2 [degrees]C (to be precise, 2.1 [degrees]C), if we adopt 3[degrees]C as the most likely value of climate sensitivity.