A dream about rape may symbolize a violent assault on the dreamer’s physical environment or a devastating blow to the person’s financial security.
a criminal act of sexual relations between a man and a woman, against the woman’s will and with the use of physical force, threats, or exploitation of the helpless state of the victim. According to Soviet criminal law, sexual relations regarded as rape are considered to have been committed if a helpless state is exploited, that is, when the victim, as a result of her physical or psychological state (physical defects, young age, unconsciousness, disturbed mental activity, or some other abnormal condition), could not understand the nature and significance of the act committed with her or could not offer resistance to the perpetrator, who in turn was aware that the victim was in such a helpless condition.
The law enumerates the following aggravating circumstances: the threat of murder, the threat to cause or the causing of serious bodily injury, or the committing of a rape by an individual who had previously committed such a crime. Especially aggravating circumstances include rapes attended by especially grave consequences; rapes committed by a group of individuals; rapes committed by particularly dangerous recidivists; and the rape of a minor.
A severe punishment has been established for rape—deprivation of freedom from three to seven years. Rapes committed under aggravating circumstances are punished by terms of five to ten years imprisonment. Rapes committed under especially aggravating circumstances can be punished by the deprivation of freedom for a term of eight to 15 years, followed sometimes by exile for a term of two to five years, or they can be punished by the death penalty.
(Brassica napus, including B. napus ssp. oleifera), an annual winter or spring plant of the family Cruciferae. Unknown in the wild state, rape has been cultivated since 4000 B.C. It appeared in Russia in the 19th century. Rape was produced by crossing B. campestris and B. oleracea.
The plant is glaucous throughout. Its stem is 50–150 cm tall. The basal leaves are arranged in a rosette and are covered with very scattered hairs; they are lyrate and pinnately cleft. The stem leaves vary in shape from lyrate (lower ones) to elongate-lanceolate (upper ones). The inflorescence is a raceme. The small flowers are yellow or, less commonly, white. The pods are long (5–10 cm) and narrow (3–4 mm). The fat content is 33–40 percent in the seeds of the spring variety and as much as 40–50 percent in the seeds of the winter variety. There are no pronounced morphological differences between the spring and winter varieties. Winter rape is only slightly winter-hardy and drought resistant.
Rape oil is used in the manufacture of margarine; it is also used by the soap, leather, textile, and metallurgical industries. The oil cake contains about 32 percent protein, 9 percent fat, and 30 percent nonnitrogenous extractive substances. After the removal of harmful glycosides, the oil cake makes a valuable concentrated feed for cattle. Winter rape is an excellent forage plant for all farm animals and yields up to 300 centners of green mass per hectare (ha). Rape that is planted in the autumn is a good early-spring nectar bearer.
The best soils for rape cultivation are deep, patterned clays and loams having a large reserve of nutrient matter and a water-permeable subsoil. The worldwide planting area of rape is about 10 million ha. The plant is raised mainly in India, China, and Canada. In the USSR, winter rape is grown mainly in the forest-steppe zone of the Ukrainian SSR, and spring rape in the northern part of the forest-steppe zone of the Ukrainian SSR. Winter rape that is to be used for animal feed may be grown in almost all the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the USSR. The seed yield is 10–30 centners per ha for winter rape and 8–15 centners per ha for spring rape.
V. P. SHPOTA