There were several reasons for the relative lack of jets in the remaining
rawinsonde profiles.
Forecasters at the National Weather Service (NWS) launch
rawinsondes in 72 locations in the lower 48 twice a day at about 1100 UTC and 2300 UTC.
However, when comparing
rawinsonde observations with reanalysis products and with climate models, large uncertainties were found for stable conditions.
IPC provided funding for the WMI seeding aircraft as well as several ground-based instruments (i.e., precipitation gauges, radiometers,
rawinsondes, Agi ground generators, AINC, Boise State University snow sampling).
During the IBD in the morning hours, five
rawinsonde launches were made along the CASPER track (Fig.
RAP 975-925 hPa
Rawinsonde States (2016) Mean absolute error-Wind speed Gulf of Djalalova et al.
Parker, 2010: Observations of a squall line and its near environment using highfrequency
rawinsonde launches during VORTEX2.
Heat and moisture budgets in the vicinities of tropical cloud clusters were determined from
rawinsonde data by several investigators in the early 1970s.
2, based on a
rawinsonde released outside the tornadic rainband at the Hong Kong International Airport at 0600 UTC (1400 LST), which is about 100 km to the southeast and an hour before the miniature supercell became tornadic.
Embedding during Exercise Blue Chromite 16, the team successfully deployed two upper air tactical
rawinsondes (sensors attached to weather balloons) in advance of a parachute jump, collecting and relaying real-time upper level wind data to jumpmasters.
Types of observations used in the analysis include land surface observations of surface pressure; ocean surface observations of sea level pressure and winds; sea level winds inferred from backscatter returns from space-borne radars; conventional upper-air data from
rawinsondes (e.g., height, temperature, wind, and moisture); additional sources of upper-air data including drop sondes, pilot balloons, aircraft winds; and remotely sensed information from satellites (e.g.