Cuticles of Karinopteris beneckei (Potonie ex Huth) Boersma emend., a mariopterid seed fern from the Upper Carboniferous of Lower Silesia (Poland), Mitt.
Trichomes of the seed fern Blanzyopteris praedentata: Implications for plant-insect interactions in the Late Carboniferous.
A climbing late Palaeozoic seed fern with adhesive tendrils: An early finding of shock-absorbing anchoring structures in fossil climbing plants.
The large number of seed ferns that possess climber hooks indicates that this scrambling/climbing strategy was effective.