wurdemanni, the aesthetasc number of the first sex changer (93.9 [+ or -] 4,8) was significantly lower (Student's t-test, t = 6.800, df = 12, P < 0.001) than that of the second sex changer (118.1 [+ or -] 8.1) when they changed sex.
Our current study shows that the aesthetasc number of both MP and EP shrimp is related to the timing of the sex change, and the late sex changer has a greater aesthetasc number than the earlier sex changer.
In protogynous sex changers, the most reproductively significant resource that dominance affords is "maleness"; thus the reproductive payoff for dominance is extremely large, and females would be highly motivated to increase their aggressive behavior in times of social instability (i.e., in the absence of a dominant male).
Female papilla ratio remained the same, 1.09 [+ or -] 0.052, whereas the ratio in sex changers more than doubled to 2.26 [+ or -] 0.127 (Fig.
Sponges, cnidarians, and brittle stars all include
sex changers, too.